Present Value

Selling price The selling price would equal to the sum of the potential profits realizable by the purchased asset. In order to present a proper amount with respect to the time value and including the market risk and risk premium, the profits have to be discounted to the present value using the appropriate discount rate. The sum of the discounted cash flows for the next two years of the asset’s useful life is $299,021.75. The same number represents a fair price for purchasing the asset, as it includes potential benefits realizable by the investment, as well as accounts for the possible risks on the basis of the fixed discount rate. Price adjustment under higher rates and inflationThe higher inflation rate would require the appropriate price markup. Market interest rates as well as the risk rates are higher under the growing inflation. Therefore, the price of the asset will be increased, by marking the adjusting the dollar value using the appropriate inflation rate.LocationIf th e asset would be located in the area with unstable governmental and economic situation, it would cost less. The unexpected and sharp market prices fluctuations could alter the projected profit margins. The implementation of long-term contracts would be under a threat. However, with only two years of potential profits, the latter argument does not represent the most critical issue in determining the price level. The risks associated with the potential benefits are significantly higher than in the case of operating in a stable economy. Consequently, the asset would lose some of its value, and its selling price would be lower.BondsThe goal of the firm is to maximize present shareholder value. This goal implies that projects should be undertaken that result in the positive net present value, that is the present value of the expected cash inflow less the present value of the required capital expenditures. Using net present value as a measure, capital budgeting involves selecting those pr ojects that increase the value of the firm because they have a positive NPV. The timing and growth rate of the incoming cash flow is important only to the extent of its impact on NPV. The increase in the net present value means the decrease in the discount rate. This data can be observed in the financial plan section, using cash flows, where the present value of a cash flow stream is equal to the sum of the present values of the individual cash flows. Moreover, in determination of the net present value cost of capital percentage can be used.The cost of capital for any investment is the rate of return capital providers would expect to receive if they would invest their capital elsewhere (opportunity cost).  The annual financial reports for the two companies suggest at a first glance that Cisco systems would be a more sound investment, as it represents a more favourable income statement balance. General Motors Company shows very low profits for the last periods, however its profit m argins are steadily growing. A significant loss, which negatively affects the current credit rating of the company, is realized in prior periods due to discontinuing operations and losses on requisitions. However, the company’s liquidity shows a close to industry’s median value. General Motors shows a more confident overall stability of business operation, while Cisco system greatly depends on innovation and research and development, which is associated with greater costs and bigger risk involved.However, the business indicates less dependency on fixed costs, which allows to attain not only technological or innovative advantage on the market, but also to win better trading bargains offering more favourable prices to customers. The business operations of Cisco largely depend on the appropriate timing and immediate reaction.Cisco should have a higher discount rate than General Motors, because it requires a more profound analysis for determining the potential performance of the company. The higher risks associated with the investment should be accordingly accounted for including the calculation of the market rate and the risk premium. General Motors offers lower returns but higher stability, which means less risk. Making a long term investment in bonds with the same pay rate would be more sound and reasonable for General Motors Company, as it provides a less risky opportunity of return. However, its benefits are limited compared to the potential suggested by the Cisco systems company.

Pizza Hut Essay

Executive Summary Pizza Hut is one of the leading pizza restaurant companies in the world in terms of both the number of outlets and the percentage of market share that it holds. Pizza Hut’s main purposes are to provide foods and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the world’s consumers, now and for generations to come. Pizza Hut believes a plentiful and leveraged diverse strategy is a competitive advantage. Their goal is to grow that competitive edge by fostering an inclusive culture. Diversity is a business strategy for Pizza Hut. It’s an intentional choice that creates sustainable competitive advantage.This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective liquidity and financial stability of Pizza Hut. Methods of analysis include Company Overview, Entry Strategies, Entry Restrictions, Political, Cultural Values, Economical Conditions, CSR programs, Marketing Mix, etc. Company Overview Early History: Pizza Hut was founded in June 15, 1958 by brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown of Wichita, Kansas. When a friend suggested opening a pizza parlor—then a rarity—they agreed that the idea could prove successful, and they borrowed $600 from their mother to start a business with partner John Bender. Renting a small building at 503 South Bluff in downtown Wichita and purchasing secondhand equipment to make pizzas, the Carneys and Bender opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant; on opening night, they gave pizza away to encourage community interest. A year later, in 1959, Pizza Hut was incorporated in Kansas, and Dick Hassur opened the first franchise unit in Topeka. Pizza Hut Today: Pizza Hut is not only the acknowledged leader of pizza industry worldwide, but it is also the world’s largest pizza chain with more than 6,100 restaurants in the United States and over 5,500 restaurants in 97 countries  and territories around the world, employing more than 300,000 people, serving 1.7 million pizzas everyday to more than seven million customers. Pizza Hut’s Mission Statement: We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I’ll be back!† We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities for growth, advancement, and rewarding careers in a fun, safe working environment. We are accountable for profitability in everything we do, providing our shareholders with value growth. Core Values: P.E.A.R.L.S Passionfor excellence in doing every thing Execute with positive energy and urgency Accountablefor growth in customer satisfaction Recognize the achievements of others Listen and more importantly, respond to the voice of customers Vision: The vision of â€Å"Pizza Hut† is that â€Å"reach on the top of the peak to provide best service and taste† & â€Å"To see Yum on customer’s face†. Present Major Goals: Our goal is to reach 85% recognition of the new product in our target market. As with all businesses, the most important goal of a company is to increase revenue and profits. Customer satisfaction is for most. Practice what we preach: integrity, ethics and open communication. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Part of the largest restaurant chain in the world Over 20,000 franchises around the world Brand leader in the UK Innovative range of pizzas under one roof Famous television advertising Weaknesses Loyal customers are feeling that the satisfaction of the pizzas is declining. While Novak said Pizza Hut’s expansion into China is going exceedingly well. There are complex computer systems and internal conflicts from franchisees. Opportunities New Pizzas with different crust sizes and flavours. Pizza Hut expands Indian market menu and looks to old favourite to bolstersales in the US Pizza Hut targets upscale products and a downscale consumer base. Threats Rising competition undermines Pizza Hut as consumers go for greater convenience. Rising cheese costs threaten margins. Threat from Dominos pizza, also from Mc Donald’s who have tried to introduce a new meal that is a Pizza called: McPizza. Country of its Origin: Headquartered in 7100 Corporate Drive Plano, Texas 75024, United States, Pizza Hut is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., the world’s largest restaurant company. Countries of its operations: Japan Mexico Spain Germany Russia China Singapore Malaysia U.K. U.S., etc. Competitors: McDonalds Dominos Subway Smokin Joes TacoBell Papa John’s Pizza Competitor Analysis: Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as Buffalo wings and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. Entry Strategies Entry Strategy In Bangladesh, Pizza Hut has done market development. Pizza Hut has made pizza familiar to the people of Bangladesh. Pizza Hut is the 1st chain restaurant of Bangladesh. Advantages Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. Pizza Hut has a good brand image which helped them to reach their target customer easily. For good brand image Pizza Hut has easily become the market leader. Disadvantages For their brand image Pizza Hut has less chance for diversification. Less â€Å"Freedom of choice† for customers in menu. Less opportunity for product development. Entry Restrictions There is no such entry restriction in Bangladesh. Multinationals face different entry restrictions in some countries.Such as- High tax rate High registration fee High establishment expence Quota system High employment rate High production cost Political, Cultural Values and Economical Condition For political ups and down the economical growth hampers. As a result disposable income can be reducing. It is a concern for Pizza Hut. Pizza is a western food. It does not match with Bangladeshi culture. But urban people of Bangladesh are being attracted to western culture. So we are hoping that customers of Pizza Hut will increase day by day and gradually people of our country will accept pizza as a common food. The GDP of south asian countries are increasing day by day. So it’s a good opportunity and high time to establish any business in this continent. Extrinsic and Intrinsic, Motivational and Hygienic factors/rewards Extrinsic Rewards: Extrinsic reward is something given as a recognition of good work. Pizza Hut offers various kinds of extrinsic rewards to its employees, which are: Pay Raises Promotions Awards Intrinsic Rewards: Intrinsic reward means personal satisfaction felt for a job well done. Employees who work in Pizza Hut take â€Å"Pride in their performance† and develop a â€Å"Sense of achievement† Motivational Factors: Motivational factors are job factors that cause the employees to be productive and keep them satisfied. The motivational factors offered by Pizza Hut are: Attainment Acknowledgement Job itself Accountability Career augmentation Hygienic Factors: Hygienic factors are those that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivates employees. Hygienic factors offered by Pizza Hut are: Compensation Benefits of employee Policy for company Job safety Working environment Inter-personal relations Supervisor’s attitude Motivational Theories Followed By Pizza Hut: Pizza Hut follows â€Å"Theory Y†, â€Å"Adam’s Equity Theory† and â€Å"Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory† in treating its employees in all countries. The theories which have been described are the shedding of motivation. Nonetheless the theories are followed; the most important factors are the fascinating work and intensive pay for the employee. If there is the proper configuration in between individual and proficient objects, then employee motivation is an easy task. There are other choices such as job improvement, enhancement, encouragement, fiscal and non-fiscal reward (e.g. identification) should be well thought-out. It may be really tough to moderate the reward system of an organization for all individuals but it is possible to formulate an acceptable method which is suitable for both employees and company. CSR Programs Corporate Social Responsibility means the concern businesses have for the welfare of society. It is based on a commitment to integrity, fairness and respect.CSR proponents argue that businesses owe their existence to the societies they serve and cannot exist in societies that fail. Pizza Hut’s some great CSR programs are: As the largest pizza restaurant company in the world, with approximately 6,200 locations in the US, Pizza Hut is proud of the change it affected as the official World Food Programme sponsor and partner. But, as a company with deep roots in the Dallas-Fort Worth community (its HQs are in Plano and it has124 restaurants across the metroplex), Pizza Hut is especially proud of the relationship that they’ve formed with Children’s Medical Center and the opportunity it’s afforded them to invest in and impact their community, year-round.Over the last year, Pizza Hut employees have read to patients at Children’s, hosted patient â€Å"Pizza Pal† craft parties, been a food partner for the annual Red Balloon Run & Ride, and sponsored the Children’s Medical Center Holiday Parade. With Children’s doing its part to Make It GreatTM in the DFW community, Pizza Hut is thrilled to be the presenting sponsor of the 25th Annual Children’s Medical Cen ter Holiday Parade, which promises to be the best parade to date! Pizza Hut has integrated the â€Å"Carry Out for Literacy† card into their corporate image and giving. Proceeds from the card flow into a donor advised fund at the Hawaii Community Foundation, where HCF helps to evaluate potential grants supporting literacy. Pizza Hut (UK) supports the Starlight Children’s Foundation, a registered charity that works to brighten the lives of seriously ill children by granting their wishes and entertaining them while they are in hospital. Wishes can range from going to Disneyland, to meeting a favourite soap star or even winning the Grand Prix! Each year the demand grows for wishes, Starlight Fun Centers (mobile entertaining trolleys), Starlight Hospital Projects, hospital parties and outings. Pizza Hut employees have been fundraising the length and breadth of the UK for Starlight and are always looking for new and innovative ways to raise further support. All these progra ms are philanthropy based because they included charitable donations. Marketing Mix Product Pizza Hut’s main product is Pizza. Price The price of pizza is high for people of Bangladesh Place Pizza Hut has outlets in Dhaka and Chittagong only. Promotion Pizza Hut has doing promotion for their target customers. Physical Evidence The outlets of Pizza Hut are the only physical evidence of Pizza Hut. People Pizza Hut hires educated and well manner people for their service. Positioning Pizza Hut has position themselves by creating values and believes. IMC Campaign of Pizza Hut At present Pizza Hut is putting on their billboards in major places of Chittagong and Dhaka city. In these billboards they have mainly focused on their offerings and discounts. Pizza Hut is using print media a lot for their IMC campaign, such as- News paper, magazines, periodicals etc. In there, they have also focused on their different offerings and discounts. During Ramadan they give a special offer for customers. Pizza Hut offers buffet pizza for customers and the person who eats maximum pizza, he gets free buffet for the next day. At present Pizza Hut has introduced â€Å"Pizza Hut Delivery† (PHD) in major places of Dhaka and Chittagong city. And to introduce PHD they have used billboards, leaflets and print media ads a lot. Contingency Strategies TVC (Television commercial)- Pizza Hut can use TVC for their promotional campaign. Pizza Hut can do campaign in schools, colleges and universities. Pizza Hut can do campaign in major commercial places. Pizza Hut can use FM radio for their promotion. Pizza Hut can sponsors different events for their promotion. Pizza Hut can do market research to find out what kind of promotional activities will affect their target customers. Pizza Hut can arrange contests for youth. Pizza Hut can introduce less fat and calorie pizzas for aged people. Guerilla marketing can be very effective for Pizza Hut. Conclusion Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieved in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Reference â€Å"CSR Program†, accessed 20 April 2013, ‘Pizza Hut’, wiki article, April 19, 2013, accessed 20 April 2013, . William G. Nickels; James M. McHugh; Susan M. McHugh (2010). Understanding Business, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, NY.

Social Networking Has It Replaced Face-To-Face Interactions

Ten years ago, if you were to ask a random person on the street how many friends they had, they probably would have thought a short while and told you anywhere from 5 to 20 people in their lives were considered friends. Ask an average college-age person today, and the answer might very well be several hundred. The term ‘friend’ has taken on a whole new meaning thanks to the advent of social networking technology, and the degree to which our culture is now connected to the internet. Computers were just the beginning of our layers of connections. Cell phones, video game systems, and even TV’s are now wired into the net. Connecting to friends and loved ones who are located a world away is now instantaneous thanks to email, instant messaging,†¦show more content†¦In the process, the definition of the word friend has evolved from someone we considered close and shared real world experiences with, to a virtual connection who we may know very little about. Edito rial cartoonists have even joked about our tendency to prefer online contact to face-to-face. (see fig. 1). All of this begs the question, is trading real face-to-face interaction for virtual friendship a good thing for our culture, or not? Figure 1. A cartoon showing the contrast between social networking then and now. (Keefe) As technological advances have been made within our culture, people have gradually embraced them and built a way of life around integrating them. For example, gathering the family to listen to an evening radio broadcast became watching television together. Our methods of communication and interaction adapt as the choices become more diverse and convenient. Traditional postal mail has become secondary to the instantaneous nature of email, instant messaging, and more recently, text messaging. Our desire to have the latest and best available technology is seemingly unquenchable. Far away friends and loved ones are now able to be contacted in an instant, allowing them to speak to each other as if they were together in-person (Brown 30). Indeed, we have begun to change how we see others and our relationships due to all of the new technology available. ForShow MoreRelatedElectronic Communication As A Barrier For Traditional Communication934 Words   |  4 Pageslearned within our culture interactions with our family or our peers at work and school. However, social institutions are being disrupted by society s constant connection to digital device. Were behavior and communication is reduced or exaggerated due to anonymity or need for face to face interaction that is provided by the internet. Electronically mediated communication – communication conducted through the internet, electronic mail, phone, sms messaging, social networking sites, etc.- have extendedRead MorePersonal Narrative : Why New World Technology1491 Words   |  6 Pagesa dime in the coin slot at the corner telephone booth? Did you read the love letter from your girlfriend? The form of writing romantic letters has almost become a thing of the past. The reality, most of us have not visited the U.S. Post office since the price of a stamp was 45 ¢. The art of casual conversation, a cup of java or tea in the morning has taken a new direction. We are left with little in common between coworkers, friends, and family for lack of talking with one another. As a resultRead MorePersonal Narrative : Why New World Technology1482 Words   |  6 Pagesa dime in the coin slot at the corner telephone booth? Did you read the love letter from your girlfriend? The form of writing romantic letters has almost become a thing of the past. The reality, most of us have not visited the U.S. Post office since the price of a stamp was 45 ¢. The art of casual conversation, a cup of java or tea in the morning has taken a new direction. We are left with little in common between coworkers, friends, and family for lack of talking with one another. AdditionallyRead MoreThe Internet Has Revolutionized The Way We Communicate905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Networking If the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, then how has it impacted the people who make use of it? The ever changing empire of technology has always fascinated the world, and how new advances in technology have helped shape the way people communicate with one another. In this case the Internet. The beginnings of the Internet were in â€Å"1969 as Arpanet , joining three colleges in California and one in Utah (Wikipedia contributors). From that point forward, theRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effects On The Life Of The Youth1115 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage and Composition 11 March, 2016 Period 7 Social Networking Vs. Social Skills Growing consternation exists among researchers on how social networking is affecting the life of the youth. Social media is the collectivity of online communications that allows users to create a profile, upload images, videos, and share memorable moments with friends and colleagues. Since this phenomenon was created, it has been a revolutionary medium that has affected every country and age group around the worldRead MoreTrends of Social Networking1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe growth of social networking is one of the fastest growing digital trends to exist. Many social networking sites boast with millions if not billions of members. Prominent examples of these social sites are Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. 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Network analysts study the pattern of attraction towards masses of nodes that are connected and this is the structure of how a social network is formed (ScottRead MoreEssay on The Negative Effects of Too Much Social Media1376 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past few years social media has grown to be a phenomenon in our culture. â€Å"Facebook operates the world’s No. 1 Internet social media network with 1.2 billion users,† and this is just one venue for social media (Oreskovic, 2014). As more people from all age demographics begin to log in to this growing phenomenon, it’s important to step back and take a look at the side of social media that is not so enjoyable. We’ve all heard the quote. â€Å"You can’t have too much of a good thing†, but how trueRead MoreHuman Interaction Is The Study Of Relations And Social Interchange Between Two Or More Individuals1383 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Interaction is the study of relations and social interchange between two or more individuals. How they interact with one in another, the process by which they act and react to individuals in their surroundings. Technology is rapidly changing the method in which people work, think, and behave, but there’s one thing that will always remain constant is who we are as people, human interaction, and how we represent ourselves. Society is swiftly changing communication, people are interacting lessRead MoreS peech Social Media1345 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SOCIAL MEDIA Assalamualaikum and Good evening Puan Wan Narmi Aziana Wan Abdullah our lecturer and my lovely friends. My name is Noor Adibah Binti Abdul Hamid. The reason why I’m standing here because I would like to tell about the advantages and disadvantages of Social Media. First of all, I would like tell you what is social media. Social media is the social interaction among people in which they create, share or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. Andreas Kaplan

An Evaluation Of The Client - 1861 Words

Overview The client is a 42 year old white male who has been court ordered to receive bereavement counseling. The client is currently living in Trumann with a friend while he is closing on a house. He was born and raised in the north east Arkansas area. The client completed the 12th grade and attended college for two years at Arkansas State University. While attending college the client was an active member of the college Rugby team. The client stopped attending college in order to join the Navy. He served for eight years total in the Navy in the account dispersal field. He has never been deployed to a combat area and was honorably discharged from service sometime in the early 2000’s. The client currently works full time for an Art†¦show more content†¦He was initially court ordered for DWI courses but due to the nature of his offense and the underlying circumstances, the courts determined his issue to not be alcohol, but the coping mechanism my client was using in th e loss of his son. My client lost his oldest son about two years ago. His son moved to Georgia to be near his mother. Only a few weeks after arriving to Georgia his son come up missing. There were search parties being conducted and my client drove to Georgia to look for his son. A couple of weeks after the initial missing report, my client’s son was found in the woods of Georgia, he was deceased. An autopsy concluded that there was foul play and that this incident would be investigated as a homicide. Following the investigation, three local Georgia men were determined to be involved in the murder of my client’s son. The investigation concluded the belief that these three gentleman lived in a nearby apartment complex. They premeditated to murder my client’s son based on a robbery. They believed that the young man had sold a truck earlier in the day. The three men charged requested that the young man help move some furniture at their apartment. During this event i s when they strangled him to death and began searching for the money that the son had made from selling a vehicle earlier that day. The report read that there was not any money taken because the money was spent the same day the vehicle was sold.

Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry...

The American auto industry began in the late 1880’s, evolving from the horse powered wagon, steam powered cars, gasoline powered then to the hybrids and hydrogen fuel celled technology today. Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Company were the first to mass produce cars. American automobile manufacturers dominated as the largest volume producers in the world until the 1980’s when the Japanese became the largest producers. The Chinese with 14.8 percent have become the number one volume producer in the world OICA (2014). The United States at 6.9 percent has dropped in position to the second highest volume auto producer in the world. The focus of this paper will be about the environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. In this†¦show more content†¦The American auto industry will face major competition in the next five years from Europe, China, Japan and other emerging markets. In order to remain viable U.S. auto manufacturers must continue to seek out n ew markets, mergers and invest in new technology. The American auto makers have already invested billions of dollars in new technology. Every year at the major automobiles shows new concept cars are unveiled as each auto maker seeks to drum up consumer interest along with domestic and international investment. The U.S. government with a stated goal of reducing the dependence on oil has called for companies to put one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 (D.O.E 2011). General Motors and Ford have already invested in hybrids and GM’s Chevy volt is already a top selling electric car. GM has invested a lot of money in hydrogen fuel cell technology and according to CEPGI (2014) General Motors has the all-time lead in fuel patents between 2002 and 2012. According to GM News (2013) â€Å"GM’s fuel cell test fleet has accumulated nearly 3 million miles, more than any other automaker†. General Motors has also entered into deal with Honda Motor to produce newer g enerations of fuel cells. GM is targeting 2020 as a launch date and is happy to allow Toyota to take the lead in launching hydrogen fuel cell cars. GM’s rationale is that Toyota will spend money to advertise and debut theShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry 1 Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry BUS1101 Unit 5 Written Assignment University of the People ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING THE AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY 2 Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry The traditional internal combustion engine has been the mainstream automobile power source and even after the next generation vehicle engines made an appearance. The new generation enginesRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry953 Words   |  4 PagesENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY The environmental challenges facing American auto industry is very huge, as a result of large number of vehicles on the road causing air emission, pollution of the environment that has a negative impact to people’s health today, due to the toxicology and the effect of carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide emission on the environment. These has also contributed to the climate change, death and disappearing of some species of wild lifeRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges facing the American Auto Industry The American Auto Industry has evolved for many decades with pioneers such as Ford Motor Company. The United States Auto Industry was once upon a time a global leader in the automotive industry but due to knowledge and skills acquisition by other automobile manufacturers such as Toyota, the once American Auto Industry leadership has been surpassed. I will give discuss this following paragraphs. Global Competition in the Industry So far theRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry1385 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry xxxxxx xxxxxx University of the People Word count: words Abstract This paper covers the current environmental challenges the face the American auto industry as a whole and the impact that has. Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry The American Auto industry is well known world wide with many manufacturers carving a path for their business and brand, most becoming householdRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry †¢ The global competition in the industry †¢ New technology for powering the product that industry produces †¢ The effect of emissions on the environment and government reactions †¢ The consumer opinions about the product the industry produces The Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry According to the Environmental Protection article at www.eponline.com, it states that the environmental issues top the list of challengesRead MoreThe Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. At the beginning of twenty centuries until now the American auto industry has been growing and in demand. Henry Ford innovated mass-production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerges as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s. Manufacturers funneled their resources to the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in Europe and Japan soared to meet demand. Once vitalRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry This essay seeks to analyse the environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. I will examine the global competition, new technologies for automobile powering, the effects of emissions, and customer opinion about the industry in the following paragraphs. (Select USA, n.d.), have identified the United States as having one of the largest automotive markets in the world, as it is home to thirteenRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental challenges facing American Auto industry Introduction The first gasoline powered automobile was built 1885 in Germany. The first car was engineered by Henry Ford in 1896. He took things a notch higher by establishing an assembly line which enabled him to mass produce the vehicles thus making them affordable to the consumers. The use of automobiles has since increased in the US and other parts of the world. By 1999, the US alone had over 200 million passenger cars and light trucksRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe environmental challenges facing the American Auto Industry When the automobile was introduced to the public, they immediately fell in love with it. It was a welcome miracle of science, clean, efficient and a reliable machine compared to the horse and carriage which required constant cleaning and a large place for storage. As more and more people acquired these machines, no one noticed the changes it made to the environment. The term smog was first used in California around the 1940’s to describeRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry895 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry The automobile manufacturing industry is one of the largest industries in the United States and there are some worldwide famous companies such as Ford and General Motors. Henry Ford innovated mass production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerging as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s (Foner - Garraty 1991) (Bland,A).† As I wrote earlier, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are called Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry... The environmental challenges facing the American Auto Industry When the automobile was introduced to the public, they immediately fell in love with it. It was a welcome miracle of science, clean, efficient and a reliable machine compared to the horse and carriage which required constant cleaning and a large place for storage. As more and more people acquired these machines, no one noticed the changes it made to the environment. The term smog was first used in California around the 1940’s to describe a yellow-brown haze that caused eyes to water, and headaches. It was found that the exhausts of the combustion engine brought forth this poison cloud that caused not only mild irritations but also had long lasting effects such respiratory problems and lung cancer. It wasn’t until 1965 when congress finally decided to do something about it and passed the vehicle air pollution and control act. Yet, it was not enough and so congress later decided that to further protect the environment and its citizens it needed to pass more laws. Laws tha t determined manufactures of the vehicle, safety, emissions and the use of any new technologies to help minimize the damage to the environment. As the globalization opens many doors for sales, it also opens doors for more clients demand on the company s products. This creates a new approach for managers to adapt new cultures and adopt new strategies to build what the client likes and dislikes in the global market. It is stated that the giantShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry 1 Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry BUS1101 Unit 5 Written Assignment University of the People ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING THE AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY 2 Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry The traditional internal combustion engine has been the mainstream automobile power source and even after the next generation vehicle engines made an appearance. The new generation enginesRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry953 Words   |  4 PagesENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY The environmental challenges facing American auto industry is very huge, as a result of large number of vehicles on the road causing air emission, pollution of the environment that has a negative impact to people’s health today, due to the toxicology and the effect of carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide emission on the environment. These has also contributed to the climate change, death and disappearing of some species of wild lifeRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges facing the American Auto Industry The American Auto Industry has evolved for many decades with pioneers such as Ford Motor Company. The United States Auto Industry was once upon a time a global leader in the automotive industry but due to knowledge and skills acquisition by other automobile manufacturers such as Toyota, the once American Auto Industry leadership has been surpassed. I will give discuss this following paragraphs. Global Competition in the Industry So far theRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry1385 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry xxxxxx xxxxxx University of the People Word count: words Abstract This paper covers the current environmental challenges the face the American auto industry as a whole and the impact that has. Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry The American Auto industry is well known world wide with many manufacturers carving a path for their business and brand, most becoming householdRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry †¢ The global competition in the industry †¢ New technology for powering the product that industry produces †¢ The effect of emissions on the environment and government reactions †¢ The consumer opinions about the product the industry produces The Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry According to the Environmental Protection article at www.eponline.com, it states that the environmental issues top the list of challengesRead MoreThe Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. At the beginning of twenty centuries until now the American auto industry has been growing and in demand. Henry Ford innovated mass-production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerges as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s. Manufacturers funneled their resources to the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in Europe and Japan soared to meet demand. Once vitalRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry This essay seeks to analyse the environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. I will examine the global competition, new technologies for automobile powering, the effects of emissions, and customer opinion about the industry in the following paragraphs. (Select USA, n.d.), have identified the United States as having one of the largest automotive markets in the world, as it is home to thirteenRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental challenges facing American Auto industry Introduction The first gasoline powered automobile was built 1885 in Germany. The first car was engineered by Henry Ford in 1896. He took things a notch higher by establishing an assembly line which enabled him to mass produce the vehicles thus making them affordable to the consumers. The use of automobiles has since increased in the US and other parts of the world. By 1999, the US alone had over 200 million passenger cars and light trucksRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry895 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry The automobile manufacturing industry is one of the largest industries in the United States and there are some worldwide famous companies such as Ford and General Motors. Henry Ford innovated mass production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerging as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s (Foner - Garraty 1991) (Bland,A).† As I wrote earlier, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are calledRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry797 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry The American auto industry faces environmental challenges such as Global competition, technological Issues in the industry, effect of emissions on the environment Consumer opinions about the product your industry produces. Global Competition Today, the modern global automotive industry encompasses the principal manufacturers, General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, and Daimler Chrylser, all of which operate in a global competitive Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry... Abstract There are many environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. In this paper we will focus on; the challenges within global competition, new technologies for powering the products this industry produces, the effect of emissions on the environment and the government’s reactions to these effects, as well as the consumer’s product opinions. Global Competition The automobile industry is one of the largest industries in the U.S. and faces major global competition with The European, Russian and Easter Asian Markets. The industry is also facing continuous organization and technological change but has taken action to increase its global presence. For example, by making alliances with other global leaders. The US financial crisis hurt the American industry not only locally in American, but in the global market as production drastically decreased. To put the competition into perspective let’s take a look at some statics from BERA (Business Economic Research Advisor). GM, Ford, and Chrysler make up just under 45% of U.S. passenger vehicle production. So over half of the market here in America, 55% in fact, is dominated by foreign competition. That said, competition with the foreign market played a major role in the bankruptcy of Chrysler Corporation. The main areas of competition are lower cost and more advanced automation. New advancements in all markets are happening rapidly so it’s critical the U.S. market keep up in order to remain a keep player inShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry 1 Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry BUS1101 Unit 5 Written Assignment University of the People ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING THE AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY 2 Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry The traditional internal combustion engine has been the mainstream automobile power source and even after the next generation vehicle engines made an appearance. The new generation enginesRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry953 Words   |  4 PagesENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING AMERICAN AUTO INDUSTRY The environmental challenges facing American auto industry is very huge, as a result of large number of vehicles on the road causing air emission, pollution of the environment that has a negative impact to people’s health today, due to the toxicology and the effect of carbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide emission on the environment. These has also contributed to the climate change, death and disappearing of some species of wild lifeRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges facing the American Auto Industry The American Auto Industry has evolved for many decades with pioneers such as Ford Motor Company. 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Environmental challenges facing the American auto industry The American Auto industry is well known world wide with many manufacturers carving a path for their business and brand, most becoming householdRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry †¢ The global competition in the industry †¢ New technology for powering the product that industry produces †¢ The effect of emissions on the environment and government reactions †¢ The consumer opinions about the product the industry produces The Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry According to the Environmental Protection article at www.eponline.com, it states that the environmental issues top the list of challengesRead MoreThe Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. At the beginning of twenty centuries until now the American auto industry has been growing and in demand. Henry Ford innovated mass-production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerges as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s. Manufacturers funneled their resources to the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in Europe and Japan soared to meet demand. Once vitalRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Environmental Challenges Facing the American Auto Industry This essay seeks to analyse the environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. I will examine the global competition, new technologies for automobile powering, the effects of emissions, and customer opinion about the industry in the following paragraphs. 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It was a welcome miracle of science, clean, efficient and a reliable machine compared to the horse and carriage which required constant cleaning and a large place for storage. As more and more people acquired these machines, no one noticed the changes it made to the environment. The term smog was first used in California around the 1940’s to describeRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry895 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry The automobile manufacturing industry is one of the largest industries in the United States and there are some worldwide famous companies such as Ford and General Motors. Henry Ford innovated mass production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerging as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s (Foner - Garraty 1991) (Bland,A).† As I wrote earlier, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are called

Macroeconomic policies and their impact on the Australian Economy

Questions: Question 1Using current economic data and analysing a number of leading, lagging and coincident indicators, determine Australias position on the business cycle. Justify you answer, including any relevant diagrams. Question 2a.) Which monetary policy is more effective in moderating the business cycle, tight or easy? Give reasons for your answers.b.) What is the current monetary policy stance of the RBA? What factors do the RBA take into consideration, before a decision is made as to whether to implement a tight or easy monetary policy?c.) Using AD-AS model, explain how interest rates affect the key macroeconomic variables. Question 3a.) Comment on the recent factors that are affecting the value of the Australian dollar. Use diagrams to illustrate your answer.b.) Who gains and who loses when the Australian dollar depreciates? Justify your answer.c.) In your opinion, is a depreciating $A good or bad for the Australian economy? Justify your answer. Answers: 1. The business cycle is the upward or downward movement of the gross domestic product (GDP) and it also refers to the contraction or the expansion period of a nation in terms of the fluctuation in the economic activities (Economy.com, 2015). So the business cycle is defined in terms of the period of recession or expansion and it represents the long-term-growth trend. There are various indicators of the business cycle and these can be discussed here for Australia. GDP growth of Australia: In the following diagram, the GDP growth trend of Australia can be shown along with the inflation rates. The GDP growth is the most common measure of the economic growth of an economy. GDP is the final value of all the goods and services of an economy. In the following diagram the GDP growth rate of Australia is shown from 1992-2014. It is seen that around 2008-09 there is significant fall in the GDP growth rate and after that the growth rate has increased. In 2013, the annual GDP growth rate of Australia was 1.8%. Source: (Rba.gov.au, 2015) Inflation: In the following diagram the measure of inflation in Australia is given in terms of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). It is known that inflation is the increase in the general price level and thus the inflation rate must be controlled in the economy. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the inflation rate was recorded at 1.70%. Thus it is under control in the economy (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015). Source: (Rba.gov.au, 2015) Unemployment: Unemployment in the economy can be considered as one of the economic indicators of the performance of an economy. Unemployment exists in an economy when people are without work while they are looking for work. It is very important to lower the unemployment rate in the economy. In 2014, the unemployment rate in Australia is 6.1%. In the following diagram the trend line for the employment rate and participation rate is shown along with the unemployment rate. Source: (Rba.gov.au, 2015) Balance of Payments: The balance of payment position of a country also represents the present condition of an economy. It is known that trade is one of the driving forces of an economy and thus it is very important that the current account deficit is maintained for the economy. In the following diagram the current account balance and the trade balance is shown for Australia. Source: (Rba.gov.au, 2015) In the following diagram, the global business cycle map is shown. In the diagram it is seen that the Australia is in the phase of expansion. Source: (Economy.com, 2015) 2. (a) In order to moderate the business cycle, it is very important to implement effective monetary policy by the government. The quantity of money can be controlled in the circulation with the help of the monetary policy and thus it can be used to stabilise the business cycle by changing the inflation and unemployment in the economy. Here it can be analysed what type of monetary policy can be more effective for the moderating the business cycle (Krugman and Wells, 2013). The expansionary monetary policy or the easy money policy is characterised as the increase in the supply of money and decreased interest rate in the economy. The expansionary monetary policy is usually applied in case of recession. On the other hand, the contractionary or the tight money policy is characterised as the decrease in the supply of money and the increase in the interest rate. This kind of policy s implemented for controlling inflation. Here it can be said that, according to the position of Australia in the world economy, it needs to implement tight money policy rather than easy money policy for moderating the business cycle. (b) The reserve bank of Australia implements various monetary policies in the economy. In Australia, moderate growth rate is seen and there is also a decline in the investment spending that is seen in the economy. The private demand is expanded and it is expected that the growth may be below the trend. The inflation is between 2-3% and it is expected that the growth in the wage rate will be moderate. The monetary policy that is implemented is accommodative in Australia (Krugman and Wells, 2013). The interest rate has been very low and the investors are expecting higher returns for their investment. Recently there has been trade of exchange rate at a lower level. The RBA has set the target cash rate at 2.5%. Thus it can be said that the RBA has provided the support for the growth of the economy and the increase in the demand. The RBA takes various factors into consideration before making any decision. These factors are the present inflation, exchange rate, and growth rate, capital account that can be taken into account for implementing tight or easy monetary policy (Mankiw, 2013).(c) In the following diagram the AD-AS model can be shown. In the X axis, national output is measured and in the Y axis, price level is measured (Mankiw, 2013). Here it can be said that the changes in the interest rate can change in the aggregate demand curve. It is known that an increase in the interest rate leads to a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve and the fall in the interest rate causes rightward shift in the aggregate demand curve. In the diagram it can be seen that when the aggregate demand curve shifts to the left, it lowers the inflation rate as well as reduces the national output in the economy. On the other hand, when the interest rate increases and the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right, the inflation rate increases as well as the national output (Rba.gov.au, 2015). 3. (a) There can be various factors that can affect the value of the Australian dollar. These factors can include the inflation rates, confidence of the business units and the consumers, growth rate of the economy, performance of the stock market, and housing market (Thebull.com.au, 2015). Here it can be said that when there is positive impact on the economy then there can be changes in the exchange rate market as well. In the following diagram it can be seen that how the exchange rate market is affected and as a result the changes in the exchange rate (Mankiw, 2013). In the above diagram, it can be seen that when the demand for Australian dollar increases in the market, the demand curve moves up and as a result the exchange rate appreciates and the equilibrium quantity of the Australian dollar also increases. On the other hand, when the demand for the currency falls, the demand curve moves downward and there is depreciation in the exchange rate and a fall in the equilibrium quantity. In the following diagram the shift in the supply curve is shown (Rba.gov.au, 2015). In the diagram, it can be seen that as a result of the increase in supply (S1), the exchange rate depreciates and the equilibrium quantity increases and as a result of the fall in the supply (S2), the exchange rate appreciates and equilibrium quantity reduces.(b) When the Australian dollar falls below the Equilibrium exchange rate (E*), then there is depreciation in the exchange rate of the Australian dollar. If there is depreciation in the Australian dollar then the foreign importers gain from such situation and the country itself loses. That means the countries that imports goods from the country will now have to pay less for the goods and services and thus they will benefit but the other country will lose. (c) A depreciation in the Australian dollar means that the value of the Australian dollar will fall against other currencies. It will lead to several impacts on the Australian economy. Depreciation in the Australian dollars will lead to cost-push inflation in the economy as the imported goods and services will be more expensive. The export industry will flourish as the export will be cheaper from Australia. The import demand will fall in the economy. The wage rate may rise in the economy due to higher inflation. As a result of the depreciation, the economic growth can also increase if it is accompanied by lower interest rate as the export will increase and the imports will fall. Thus it can lead to benefit of the Australian economy if associated with effective policies. References Economy.com, (2015).Global Business Cycle Map | Moody's Analytics Dismal Scientist. [online] Available at: https://www.economy.com/dismal/tools/global-business-cycle-map [Accessed 31 Jan. 2015]. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2013).Macroeconomics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Mankiw, N. (2013).Macroeconomics. New York, NY: Worth. Rba.gov.au, (2015).RBA: Chart Pack-Australian GDP Growth and Inflation. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/chart-pack/au-gdp-growth.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2015]. Rba.gov.au, (2015).RBA: Interest Rate Decisions - 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/int-rate-decisions/index.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2015]. Rba.gov.au, (2015).RBA: Media Releases-2014. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2014/index.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2015]. Rba.gov.au, (2015).RBA: Media Release-Statement by Glenn Stevens, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2014/mr-14-21.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2015]. Thebull.com.au, (2015).Which factor do you think affects the Aussie dollar the most? - www.thebull.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.thebull.com.au/experts/a/27950-which-factor-do-you-think-affects-the-aussie-dollar-the-most.html [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).Australia Inflation Rate | 1951-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/inflation-cpi [Accessed 31 Jan. 2015].

Powers of the President free essay sample

A common question today amongst the citizens of the United States regarding the president, especially today’s president, Barack Obama, is whether or not the President has too much power. A question even asked in one of the video which garners different opinions with many, including myself, typically saying that the President’s power may seem a bit excessive. However, is it necessary that the President have that much power and how exactly does he acquire all that power. Should someone be concerned that the power of the Presidency is getting too out of hand and leading out of a democratic type of government and more towards a government controlled by one body? First of all, the President’s powers as noted in the book â€Å"The Struggle for Democracy† by Edward Greenberg and in the videos given, it is pretty much agreed that the power of the President has grown considerably. We will write a custom essay sample on Powers of the President or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The President has many roles from being a worldwide representative of the U.S. citizens to the world to the Chief Executive. He is also the commander-in-chief, a foreign diplomat, and Head of State just to name a few functions. With powers endowed by the Constitution, the President’s roles are pretty well defined; however, the Constitution is also very broad in its writing leaving it to be interpreted in a variety of ways. This is just one way that the President can increase his power. Some instances that can be noted is the clause that states that the President can at times do what is necessary for the good of the nation, and when he is doing what is needed and necessary, he can bypass some of the checks and balances set forth by the Framers of the Constitution. Unfortunately, the increase in power of the presidency is not solely attributed to the president himself. There have been instances in American history where it was due to bills passed by Congress that increased the power of the president. Originally in charge of areas like foreign diplomacy and actually executing the laws that were passed through the legislation by Congress, bills or laws like the Budget Act of 1921 and the Employment Act of 1941 have increased some of the powers of the presidency by forcing him to act on domestic issues like economics and budgets which can once again be loosely interpreted and lead to an even larger expansion on powers. Now, is this increase in power good for the  nation? In my opinion, I agree that this increase in presidency power is necessary especially in times of crises which were noted by Greenberg as one of the big instances in which presidency power increases occur. The Framers wrote a Constitution as a basic guideline for a developing nation with a developing government. This can also apply in this instance because as the nation grows, especially in the area of foreign diplomacy and involvement, the constitution, including the power of the presidency should be adapted to best suit the situations the nation may be placed in. Along with that, the expansion of presidential power is necessary in order to achieve swift actions as seen with the implementation of things like executive orders in order to achieve goals that need to be accomplished right away because at times the democratic process may take too long. Although, some may disagree and say that the power of the president is becoming a bit out of hand, there are still many formal measures set aside by the Constitution that can prevent the President from becoming too abusive of the power bestowed on him. Most of these measures involves Congress and how Congress can step in and actually refuse to pass the bills that the president wants or even perform actions such as counter vetoing a veto from the President. Another way the President’s power can be limited is due to the fact that the President is still a supposed to serve the people of the United States. So in essence, people have an involvement in the system of checks of balances in the government because if the President does not perform actions that please a majority of the population of either Congress or the governed, then it will lead to bad relations and result either in less chances of being reelected into office or if worst comes to worst, the impeachment of the President as seen in instances like the impeachment of Nixon. In the end, however, as much as people think that the increase in presidential power is a bad thing for the country, there is just as many good points that support the benefits of an increase in power. As the country and our government develop, as well as our understanding of things like the Constitution, we should expect the powers of the President to expand especially in times that demand swift actions as seen now during our time of economic problems. The best one can do is to be educated once again and to stay informed on policies as well as have trust that the President that was chosen will not exceed the limitations given to him, and if he does, that the systems of  checks and balances will be taken into effect and work in limiting actions that are deemed possibly harmful to the countries best interest. On the other hand, the President must also realize that he must always try to do things that serve the public’s best interest rather than pursuing his own personal agenda.