The Rise of Cloud Computing in Telecommunication Industry Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Cloud Computing in Telecommunication Industry Essay Presentation â€Å"There was the point at which each family unit, town, ranch or town had its own water well. Today, shared open utilities give us access to clean water by just turning on the tap; distributed computing works in a comparative fashion.† That was the similarity utilized by Vivek Kundra, Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the United States Government to delineate the utilization of distributed computing in today’s society. As the corporate world has set out on the intuitive foundation of Web 2. 0, a few organizations are advancing one stride ahead to test information correspondence with distributed computing. What is distributed computing? As per Mache Creeger in the article â€Å"Cloud Computing: An Overview†, distributed computing alludes a model of move in the conveyance of design of data administrations and information for financial reasons (Creeger, 2009). In this paper, I will introduce a concise outline of how distributed computing work, the job of distributed computing in media transmission industry, the points of interest and difficulties engaged with its execution. How accomplishes distributed computing work? â€Å"Cloud† actually alludes to the server farm equipment and programming utilized in giving a pay-more only as costs arise information administration to the general population. The term â€Å"private cloud†, then again, is utilized by associations to allude to their inward server farms (Armbrust, et al., 2010). Distributed computing can be partitioned into three sorts of administrations, specifically programming as-an administration (SaaS) for WAN-empowered applications, stage as-an administration (PaaS) for new applications, and foundation as-an administration (IaaS) for computational and capacity framework (Creeger, 2009). Armbrust, et al. April 2010. [Main parts of cloud computing]. Recovered from â€Å"A View of Cloud Computing† Journal Article. Once in a while, cloud is professed to be the same old thing in information administrations. Chris Rose, writer of the article â€Å"A Break in The Cloud? The Reality of Cloud Computing†, proposes that distributed computing is the converging of existing advancements like systems administration and virtualization to offer new types of assistance that charges by use (Rose, 2011). Essentially, the purpose of putting away information in the cloud, contrasted with regular information the executives, is its high availability from a mutual and brought together has and ease for a similar explanation. Not just that, it empowers open doors for improved coordinated effort on a mutual basic stage (Creeger, 2009). What does distributed computing intend to media transmission business? Google, Amazon and Salesforce.com were among the most punctual organizations to set their strides in by building information models utilizing cloud innovation to help their applications. Following that was an expanding number of media transmission organizations around the world, for example, KDDI, China Mobile, SingTel that were snatching their bits of the pie by joining the pioneers in conveying information administrations utilizing cloud (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). For these organizations, they predicted cloud administrations as a rewarding escape clause from customary media transmission. An article by Accenture entitled â€Å"Six Questions Every Telecommunications Senior Executive Should Ask about Cloud Computing† reports that â€Å"worldwide cloud administrations income was anticipated to outperform $56.3 billion of every 2009, a 21.3 percent expansion from 2008 income of $46.4 billion, as indi cated by Gartner, Inc. The market is required to reach $150.1 billion in 2013.† (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). Those figures are sufficiently tremendous to support incomes for the media transmission players. Also, Tobolski and different writers brings up in a similar article that distributed computing permits organizations to spare expense by bypassing most costs in introducing and keeping up their own neighborhood server farms (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). These are among of the reasons more telecom organizations are putting resources into the improvement of cloud innovation. Be that as it may, there are different reasons that make distributed computing a perfect choice. For example, the normal application stage utilized in cloud permits imparting to outsiders, thus permitting media transmission organizations to convey administrations that either stretch out their administrations to or work autonomously in helping out outsiders (Creeger, 2009). They would appreciate much greater adaptability and less inflexibility in their activities with the focal points offered by cloud. Another article, â€Å"Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing, The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry† likewise features that media transmission industry is at an exceptional situation to coordinate and advance new cloud-based administrations by utilizing its current associations with clients (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). Such exertion would support more interest in distributed computing that causes it to develop colossally and gain trusts from more clients. Besides, their aptitude in building and overseeing complex systems is another in addition to highlight embrace distributed computing in meeting some mechanical needs that customary information innovation couldn't give (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). In another word, distributed computing can make up to what exactly was formerly ailing in the business. From a specialized stand, Internet Protocol (IP) foundation claimed by telcos additionally loans itself well to cloud administrations contrasted with big business framework (Gubbins, 2009). Every one of these occurrences have demonstrated that distributed computing is a solid match for the media transmission industry in expanding incomes and effectiveness just as bringing down operational expenses. Favorable circumstances of Cloud Computing I. Financial Advantage/Cost productivity As referenced already, the utilization of distributed computing in overseeing information spares cost for media transmission organizations. How and what amount do they spare? As per Mache Creeger once more, sharing assets and buying intensity of enormous scope multitenant server farms in utilizing cloud can bring about an undeniable cost cut, from paying as much as $3.75 every month for a gigabyte of oversaw stockpiling diminished to as low as just 10 to 15 pennies for every month with distributed storage (Creeger, 2009). For organizations that are continually allotting a colossal piece of cost on keeping their information, distributed computing appears to be actually similar to the extraordinary answer for saving money on that. This distinction in cost basically owes it to the lower physical space of just around 1,000 square feet required in a cloud server farm that utilizes virtualization, rather than 35,000 square feet for a traditional server farm. However contrasted with server use of somewhere in the range of 2 and 3 percent on a standard server farm, the one in cloud with virtualization can go up to 80 percent (Creeger, 2009). Another monetary advantage for utilizing cloud is in giving little and medium-sized organizations (SMBs) the reasonableness to put resources into a calamity recuperation cost. Again utilizing virtualization, debacle recuperation instrument is more financially savvy by requiring 1.05 occasions the expense of the foundation itself, rather than twofold of that cost if utilizing average calamity recuperation (Creeger 3). Thusly, not just organizations get the chance to save money on paying for the capacity, they even get the chance to follow through on a lower cost to guard their information in light of the fact that it’s a superior innovation. Moreover, there are different costs associated with the activity of media transmission information business that can be altogether decreased. Utilizing the idea of economies of scale, working on enormous scaled cloud server farms requiring little to no effort areas can create a factor of 5 to 7 abatement in cost of power, organize data tran smission, activities, programming, and equipment (Armbust et al. 3). Armbrust, et al. April 2010. [Main segments of cloud computing]. Recovered from â€Å"A View of Cloud Computing† Journal Article. ii. Adaptability and Shift in Control Other than sparing costs, moving to cloud-based information administrations brings about a specific degree of adaptability and specialized favorable circumstances to the organizations. Interestingly with customary information administrations, cloud fit for being turned here and there varying and effectively expandable by appending more servers (Joe Tobolski et al. 4). Thus, cloud is progressively adjustable with better control to take into account the necessities of various organizations. Also, Creeger makes reference to in his article that the expanded robotization utilized in distributed computing is another favorable position by disposing of the requirement for accessible as needs be framework executives (Creeger, 2009). This implies the activity of information administration under distributed computing are customized well ahead of time without depending on labor. The move to another innovation that it is so adaptable and financially savvy is practically like the innovation move f rom simple to computerized signals. In this way, it isn't unexpected if a large portion of the media transmission and information the executives organizations choose to receive distributed computing sooner rather than later. Dangers and Challenges Despite all the advantages that distributed computing bring to the media transmission and information industry, it isn't without dangers in its application. Truth be told, there is a rundown of difficulties presented by distributed computing that various gatherings are discussing and organizations are looking for arrangements. In managing information, particularly touchy and private ones, security and control have consistently been one of the significant concerns. As indicated by the article â€Å"Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing, The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry†, In distributed computing administrations, media transmission suppliers in need to share customers’ information with distributed computing suppliers in giving distributed computing administrations so the test is in guaranteeing they don't lose command over the customers’ information and personality (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). Be that as it may, Creeger gives an alternate substitute tending to this test in his article. As indicated by him, confiding in data advantages for a perceived and built up cloud specialist organization could incr

Free Essays on Gays’, Lesbians’, and Bisexuals’ Roles of “Otherness” in Dominant Culture

Gays’, Lesbians’, and Bisexuals’ Roles of â€Å"Otherness† in Dominant Culture In spite of no obvious contrasts, for example, those of ethnicity and race, gay people and bisexuals are still regularly characterized as â€Å"other† in our general public. Put together soley with respect to their sexual direction, gays, lesbians, and bisexuals are constantly targetted by narrow mindedness, numbness, and isolation in light of their job as a â€Å"other† in the prevailing society. This â€Å"otherness† is a takeoff in qualities and conduct from the range communicated as the nearby, safe standard. It causes serious concern and an endeavor at perception. From this, the brain either rapidly moves to trepidation, misjudging, and dread, or to repugnance and disdain. In spite of the fact that the prevailing group’s mentality despite everything exists today, the circumstance is bit by bit improving through master gay enactment and ceaselessly increasingly liberal perspectives relating to sexuality. A swinger companion of mine offered me her input when she heard the subject of my â€Å"otherness† paper. â€Å"I don’t feel my ‘otherness’ every day on account of the simplicity of ‘passing’ in a hetero world. All things considered, my sexual inclination is never an issue until somebody offers a uninformed comment or presumption about it,† she let me know. The way gays, lesbians, and bisexuals see themselves as a gathering negates the standard assessment of the predominant culture. Their sexuality is typical and characteristic to them, and represents no issue until somebody helps them to remember their â€Å"otherness†. Numerous individuals in the predominant culture underscore that being gay is a decision. Sexual direction, regardless of whether it be hetero, gay or swinger doesn't seem, by all accounts, to be something that one picks. Ongoing investigations propose that sexual direction has a hereditary or organic part, and is presumably decided previously or soon after birth. Like heteros, gays and lesbians find their sexuality as a procedure of developing; they are not recr... Free Essays on Gays’, Lesbians’, and Bisexuals’ Roles of â€Å"Otherness† in Dominant Culture Free Essays on Gays’, Lesbians’, and Bisexuals’ Roles of â€Å"Otherness† in Dominant Culture Gays’, Lesbians’, and Bisexuals’ Roles of â€Å"Otherness† in Dominant Culture In spite of no noticeable contrasts, for example, those of ethnicity and race, gay people and bisexuals are still generally characterized as â€Å"other† in our general public. Put together soley with respect to their sexual direction, gays, lesbians, and bisexuals are persistently targetted by prejudice, numbness, and isolation in light of their job as a â€Å"other† in the prevailing society. This â€Å"otherness† is a flight in qualities and conduct from the range communicated as the neighborhood, safe standard. It causes serious concern and an endeavor at perception. From this, the psyche either rapidly moves to anxiety, misconstruing, and dread, or to shock and scorn. Despite the fact that the predominant group’s attitude despite everything exists today, the circumstance is step by step improving through star gay enactment and persistently progressively liberal perspectives relating to sexuality. An indiscriminate companion of mine offered me her input when she heard the subject of my â€Å"otherness† paper. â€Å"I don’t feel my ‘otherness’ every day as a result of the simplicity of ‘passing’ in a hetero world. All things considered, my sexual inclination is never an issue until somebody offers an oblivious comment or presumption about it,† she let me know. The way gays, lesbians, and bisexuals see themselves as a gathering repudiates the standard assessment of the predominant culture. Their sexuality is ordinary and normal to them, and represents no issue until somebody helps them to remember their â€Å"otherness†. Numerous individuals in the predominant culture underscore that being gay is a decision. Sexual direction, regardless of whether it be hetero, gay or cross-sexual doesn't give off an impression of being something that one picks. Ongoing examinations propose that sexual direction has a hereditary or natural pa rt, and is most likely decided previously or not long after birth. Like heteros, gays and lesbians find their sexuality as a procedure of developing; they are not recr...

Populist and Progressive Reform in American History free essay sample

Progressives pushed to improve urban work conditions, disassemble trusts and imposing business models, preserve of condition, and to introduce a functioning government. Populism and Progressivism had numerous likenesses and contrasts, which made them two of the most powerful political developments of the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years. Every development utilized change to accomplish the change they wanted, however with various supporters, activities, and results. This time affected social, political and monetary patterns of the cutting edge age.The populist and Progressive Era occurred in the years following the Civil War, after the U. S. Started to quickly industrialized, thusly making riches, development of enormous validity, mechanical advances, populace shifts from country to urban focuses, and huge scope movement of various ethnic gatherings. Inside this business-situated society cash started to supplant ethical quality in national governmental issues. The urban change implied new material environmental factors, causing a transformation of individual qualities, political thoughts, and gathering identities.Massive creation and the new industrial facility framework modified the character of the initially horticulturally arranged society into a customer culture. Populism was one of the primary central political developments evaluated because of the developing changes of mechanical America. All through the 1 backtalk rustic discontent developed among Middle Westerners and Southerners, because of harvest disappointments, falling rural costs, and poor promoting and credit offices. The agrarian division of the economy felt that the money related premiums of eastern industrialists and brokers were to be faulted for the discouraged economy.The message of the Greenback Party, which was shaped to lead the endeavors for cash development, was dulled because of a concise return of thriving. Be that as it may, difficult situations immediately returned, prompting the rise of the ranchers collusions. The unions endeavors to make joined political move were fruitless because of changed political loyalties. In 1890, when congress passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, an absolutely deficient motion toward cash extension, contrasts were set aside so as to sh ape the new ideological group. During the presidential appointment Of 1892, neither Republicans nor Democrats tended to provincial trouble as per the general inclination of the ranchers unions, bringing about their selection of Populist competitors, James B. Weaver and James G. Field. The Populist Party bolstered a variety of backward thoughts and ran an out of the blue effective battle, however their increasingly genuine run came 4 years after the fact. In 1 896, the Populists applicant William Jennings Bryan ran a battle ruled by the silver issue, in any case neglected to influence the electorate outside of the ranch belt.The partys overriding objective was to right the wrongs of industry and economy, with the end goal for ranchers to acquire financial equity with business and industry. Their foundation, usually known as the Omaha stage, requested an expansion in the circling cash, the nullification of national banks, graduated personal duty, overspent responsibility for railways, the immediate appointment of le gislators, and different measures to fortify political majority rules system. While the populist development focused on mechanical and financial issues, the dynamic development concentrated on Americas social issues and making ethically right ideas.The Progressive Movement was a push to fix huge numbers of the ills of American culture that had created during the incredible flood of modern development in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The outskirts had been controlled, and enormous urban areas and organizations grew yet not all hissy fits partook in the new riches, distinction, and good faith. Explicit objectives of the Progressive development included disallowance, migration limitation enactment, womens testimonial, and completion youngster work, just as prostitution and sweatshops.Progressivism was additionally ingrained with solid political targets, for example, taking out undue impact from the administration through the subduing of managers and political machines, including more individuals all the more legitimately in the political procedure, and making the administration assume a job in taking care of social issues and financial disparity. There were various, moieties clashing destinations in regards to a wide range of issues, yet the chief point of Progressives was to make the administration make a move in ensuring the most fragile individuals from society.Both developments endeavored change and movement, yet in various parts of American life, and subsequently, accomplished triumph in various ways. The populist development experienced numerous hindrances and mishaps during the creation and movement of the Peoples Party, and at last didn't consider the to be accomplishment as the dynamic development. The populist development achieved triumph in the making of the isolated national Farmers Alliance, and the Colored Farmers Alliance.Although they came to win some huge provincial triumphs, the collusions accomplished little impact on a national scale. They propelled various roused thoughts, however centered a lot around the appeal of free silver, an Issue that resounded ineffectively with urban laborers whose votes were severely required. Malcontented ranchers, in spite of their energy, did not have the numbers to have a national effect. They achieved a large number of their objectives, however most were not perceived as populist achievements.Ultimately, class played an essential ole in the obvious disappointment of the populists in contrast with the accomplishment of the progressiv es. In spite of the quickness of its reality, the Populist development practiced a significant effect on ensuing U. S. Political life. Practically all the Populist requests, which at one time were generally seen as radical and opposing to Americas free venture framework, were inevitably sanctioned into law. The Progressive Movement was an outgrowth of past change times, including the thoughts initially introduced by the Populists.While numerous Progressives were initially enemies of populists, they in the long run came to accept cap the huge partnerships and different imposing business models that they were attempting to change were like the ranchers rebels against the railways and business practices and guidelines of the legislature. As a continuation of populist belief system, the dynamic development achieved an incredible accomplishment with the death of the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1 887 made the Interstate Commerce Commission, the primary genuine government administrative office, to control the issues of railroad misuse and discrimination.Railroad organizations were required to have ND distribute sensible and simply delivering rates. Value victimization little markets was made unlawful and mystery refunds were banned. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 guaranteed rivalry and free endeavor by keeping enormous firms from controlling any single industry. The Progressive development was additionally liable for the option of numerous new alterations to the Constitution with respect to the immediate appointment of representatives and the assurance of society through disallowance and womens rights.The points of the populist and dynamic developments were likewise altogether different. The Progressive development varies for the most part from the Populist development in concentrating on changing the political procedure in general, instead of concentrating on the financial framework. The principle expectation of the Populists, being a grass roots development, was to join to improve the states of ranchers and the individuals in the lower levels of pay when contrasted with the rich premiums. Populists had a less powerful effect because of their absence Of portrayal by upper level elites.Progressives were planned for organizing a portion of the changes of the Populists and had the way to do so more adequately. The Progressive way to deal with change was through enactment and the courts. Insightful columnists, known as maligners, were additionally a significant power in the dynamic development, because of the expanding deals and developing impact of papers and magazines. As a result of the opportunity of the press gave by the First Amendment of the Constitution, maligners roused social equity developments by continually revealing and publicizing the dim corners of American society.While Populism was a gathering activity from the majority, Progressivism was increasing ly spoken to by elites in the Universities, the courts, and the corridors of enactment. Rather than living by the unrivaled ability of these position figures, populist needed to play a functioning job in political, social, and financial guidelines that would straightforwardly influence their lives. In spite of the fact that populism and progressivism both depended intensely on change, the developments had various perspectives on general society and private connection among residents and the government.Populism upheld open investment in administering legislative issues and didn't bolster government association in specific parts of their private lives. Committed to protecting he interests of standard residents, Populists considered enormous to be incredible associations as dishonest and any grouping of intensity or benefit would prompt good and political debasement. Besides, populists were doubtful of the aptitude of the scholarly, social, or political elites who ran these institutions.Populism depended on the possibility that conventional residents can effectively take p art, when they decide to take an interest, in the political administering process. Individuals needed to take an interest in government without being controlled by a shape for compelling administration, which they had no part in. Progressivism represented illuminated open approach in the open intrigue dependent on organized open support. Progressives accepted that informed and acculturated people were increasingly fit for figuring out what was best for society, than a normal citizen.They felt that a levelheaded consideration concerning open approach required adequate instruction on the theme after any passionate components had been e

Activity-Based Costing vs Traditional Costing Essay

Action Based Costing versus Traditional Costing - Essay Example The other contrast between the two strategies is that movement based costing is exact on the grounds that it represents huge issues before it designates cost to a given item. Contra shrewd the conventional costing isn't exact in light of the fact that it just considers explicit products.Activity based costing shows the expense of an item cross-endowment challenge in situations where a few items costs are higher and furthermore when different items costs are lower when contrasted with the customary technique created costing. The ABC consistently shows that different items cost are profoundly cost while others are under drifted, consequently bringing about intersection subsidization.Activity based is utilized to advance productivity through breaking down first the customers request items, clients may need pretty much nothing or significant help. Thusly, ABC helps in deciding various measures of customer’s exercises be bolstered, and their expenses for every customer advantage an d, therefore, choosing customer’s benefit. In any case, the clients advantage is resolved after the thought of the clients support. A portion of the ABC disservices are that execution is costly and tedious to build up ABC framework. The framework requires more assets like programming that could be expensive and specialists with the essential ability. The other impediment is information error because of difficulties in deciphering ABC information with frequently bookkeeping data, which can be now and again precarious, in regards to dynamic.

Communication Studies Reflection Free Essays

Correspondence Studies Reflection â€Å"It Shouldn’t Hurt To Be A Child† The scene happens in a doctor’s office. David and Sarah Thompson have acquired their 10-year-old child Michael in light of a lower leg sprain. As the specialist goes into the room, Michael is perched on the assessment table in shorts and a T-shirt with an uncovered right foot and lower leg. We will compose a custom paper test on Correspondence Studies Reflection or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Thompson are sitting in seats near him. Specialist: So, you are Michael. I am Dr. Gupta. Ideal to meet you Michael. [shakes Michael’s hand] How are you doing today? Michael: Okay. Specialist: [turning to Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Thompson] And are you Michael’s guardians, Mr. also, Mrs. Thompson? Ideal to meet you. [extends hand to shake] Mrs. Thompson: Nice to meet you moreover. [shakes hands with doctor] Mr. Thompson: Charmed I’m sure [shakes hands with doctor] Doctor: Ok.. [turning back to Michael] So what gets you today, Michael? Michael: I hurt my lower leg. Specialist: How did this occur? Michael: I was skateboarding and, I don’t know [pauses and glances over to his parents] I surmise I just slipped or something? Specialist: When did this hap†¦.? [Mrs. Thompson intrudes] Mrs. Thompson: He did it around three days prior however the previous evening I saw he was all the while limping and I figured I should acquire him. I don’t think it’s broken, isn't that right? Specialist: Well, let me investigate first. [begins to analyze ankle] I’m simply going to investigate your foot. Is that sore? Michael: Ouch! Indeed it harms! Mr. Thompson: Stop being ah fool a leh de docta check yuh foot fuh meh please! Mrs. Thompson: [at Mr. Thompson] Oh gosh.. yuh doh hadda converse with him so.. [Mr. Thompson eyebrows grimace together] Mr. Thompson: I ask yuh anything! [Mrs. Thompson remains quiet] Doctor: That’s alright. Let me simply do one more thing. I’m going to raise your foot. [raises ankle] Michael: Owwww! Mr. Thompson: MICHAEL! Carry on yuh self kid! squeezes Michael on the arm] How much occasions I hadda talk tuh yuh. [Michael starts to cry] Doctor: [looks at Mr. Thompson in disgust] It’s OK, Michael.. [notices wound in proximal fibular area] What occurred here? Michael: I don’t know [pauses] I surmise I fell some other time. Mr. Thompson: He’s an extrem ely ungainly child. I continue berating him to remain that skateboard, however he just doesn’t tune in. Specialist: [scanning both of Michael’s legs, stopping by left femur] And here? Another fall? Michael: Yeah, sure†¦ Mr. Thompson: I let you know, he’s awkward, yet might you be able to please return to his lower leg? Specialist: [continuing to look at Michael’s arms] Michael, would you be able to take your shirt off for me please? Mr. Thompson: [getting a piece edgy] Doctor, we came in for his lower leg. Would you be able to please return to his lower leg? Michael removes his shirt at the Doctor’s request. Specialist: [examines Michael, stopping more than a few spots on arms and back] Michael, you have a ton of wounds. Some are more seasoned than others. What’s been going on? Mr. Thompson: [getting more agitated] Steups, Doctor I rel eh comprehend wah is de reason for dis non-sense. I payin my cash fuh you to check he foot we could return to his lower leg please. Specialist: I have a few concerns. Michael has a great deal of wounds and some of them appear to have happened at various occasions. At the point when we see that in a kid we stress that maybe the wounds were not all coincidental. Mr. Thompson: [rolls eyes] So wah yuh gettin at? Specialist: I’m not getting at anything. I am trying to say that for Michael’s wellbeing, we have to check a couple of things past his lower leg. Therefore, I will have one of our social specialists come and converse with you, your better half and Michael. Mr. Thompson: [getting more upset] I rel nuh in de disposition fuh dis, yu eh have de right tuh do dat. Specialist: Actually, I do have the right. It’s the law. The fundamental explanation I’m doing it is to be certain that Michael is sheltered at home and I’m sure that is the thing that you need, as well. Bringing up children can be intense, here and there we would all be able to utilize a little assistance. Mr. Thompson: look! docta wah gibberish yu tellin mi session help and how tuh bring up mi child, I appear as though I need any assistance? On the off chance that he solidify I go beat a few habits in tuh he. I is ah huge man nobodi gwine tell mi wah and wah nuh tuh do, suck salt eh! I gwine from here! Mr. Thompson storms out the workplace Doctor: [shouts] Mr. Thompson where are you going? [Looks at Mrs. Thompson as she blasts into tears] Mrs. Thompson: [crying] Doctor please help me! Scene blurs Instructions to refer to Communication Studies Reflection, Essay models

The UN Studies Program Working and Networking with the United Nations Panel on April 6 in Room 1501 from 600 to 800 PM COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The UN Studies Program Working and Networking with the United Nations Panel on April 6 in Room 1501 from 600 to 800 PM COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One unique asset available to SIPA students is our UN Studies Program.   SIPA students have incredible opportunities to learn directly from those with UN experience and participate in unique programming and here is a great example. _________________________ Ever wonder what it feels like to work for the United Nations? Whether it is fulfilling or frustrating? Whether it matches the highest ideals of public service? Or whether it is just another bureaucratic institution? Well, thanks to the DAY @ the UN initiative launched this semester by the UN Studies Program, 42 lucky students were given the opportunity to gain more insight on what it means to work for the United Nations. Elizabeth Lindenmayer, former Assistant Secretary-General and director of SIPAs UN Studies program organized this day. From the office of the Secretary General to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, from UNDP and UNICEF to DPA and UNWOMEN, from UNFPA to the Security Council, from UNCDF to the PBC, each student was given the opportunity to shadow one senior UN official for an entire day, attending meetings and negotiations, participating to teleconferences with the field or weighing in on policy planning among many others. On April 6, 2011, students will share their experience during a Panel organized by the UN Studies Program in the presence of their hosts and other SIPA students. The Panel will take place on 420 W 118th street room 1501 from 6 to 8pm and will be followed by a reception creating yet another opportunity for students to thank their hosts, and of course, to network with the UN Community.   Those living in the NYC area are welcome to join. In addition, on April 6 a  group from the UN Studies Program will visit the United Nations Security Council to observe a debate on Haiti. Former President Bill Clinton, the UNs Special Envoy for Haiti,  will deliver a report, along with Haitian President Rene Preval.

Branches Of The Federal Government Of The United States Of America - 1100 Words

Branches Of The Federal Government Of The United States Of America (Coursework Sample) Content: STUDENT NAME: SAMUEL MUTHUI NAME OF THE PROFFESOR †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. NAME OF THE CLASS DATE: 12/10/2018 BRANCHES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT The federal government of the United States of America (U.S.A) is made up of three branches as per the constitution of the country. The branches are namely the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. The executive refers to the president and other senior workers usually about 5000000. The legislature, also called the house of representation and the senate is made up of the elected members and nominated members. The third branch, the judiciary is made up of all the courts. The legislature This is the arm of government which makes laws and confirms or throw-outs presidential appointments. It has also been given the mandate to declare war if need be [1]. According to the constitution the legislature consists of two houses. The houses are namely the senate and the house of representation. The house of representatives consists of 435 elected members from all the 50 states of the country. It also consists of unelected members who represent the District of Columbia and its territories. The senate consists of the elected senators usually 100 in number. An elected senator serves for a period of 6 years per term however no limit of the number of terms one can serve [2]. The judiciary It is a branch of the federal government which interprets the law. It also applies the low to individual situations. It consists of the Supreme Court which is the highest court in the country and other federal courts. The judiciary is headed by the chief justice. Supreme Court is the highest court in the country. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature. Supreme Court is made up of nine (9) members. The nine include the chief justice and other 8 associate justices. A minimum of six judges is required in order to come up with a court’s decision through voting. If the number is even and the case results in a tie then the lower court’s decision decides. There is no fixed period that a justice can serve. A judge therefore serves until death, retirement or removal The executive This arm of government carries out and enforces laws made by the legislature. It consists of the president, vice president, cabinet, executive department and independent bodies, commissions and committe...

The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck - 957 Words

The Grapes Of Wrath introduces many real life topics, and difficulties relevant to the people in the 1930s and some still relevant to today. Throughout the book topics like migration, corporate profit, and even environmental impacts of human choices are all present in the book. Steinbeck is shown to makes many claims about each of these topics, but the topic that stands out the most are the issues with the criminal justice system. Steinbeck believes that the police and the criminal justice system are corrupt and generally police have a tendency to abuse their authority against poor people and migrants. Through the characters in the book, Steinbeck shows how he feels about police misconduct towards those living in poverty. Steinbeck uses his characters not just as entertainment for his readers, but as symbols so people are aware and conscious of what s really going on not just in the book but in the country they live in. He uses many examples in the book to show how cruel the police c an be. One example of this is on p.292 a woman is accidently shot in her hand, as the officer who shot her fell to the floor and tripped Tom took his gun and said: â€Å"Fella like that ain t got no right to a gun.† It s clear that the officer wasn’t considering the fact that no one was armed but him and didn’t show any remorse for the women mistakenly shot. Through this incident, Steinbeck is showing the abuse of authority and power against poor migrants who have little to nothing. He believesShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1563 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, depicts a migrant farming family in the 1930s. During this time, life revolved around the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, making circumstances difficult for almost everyone involved, especially those who had little. This time of drought and despair caused people to lose hope in everything they’ve ever known, even themselves, but those who did not, put their hope in the â€Å"promised land† of California. Here, the grass was thought to be truly greenerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. The ideas that many of these critics point to is Steinbeck’s depiction of the Big Banks/ Businesses as monsters, the comparison of Government camps to a utopia in contrast of the makeshift â€Å"Hoovervilles,† and the theme of the community before the individual, In his novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† John SteinbeckRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. H e utilizes accurate factual information, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath April 14th, 1939, John Steinbeck published the novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel became an immediate best seller, with selling over 428,900 copies. Steinbeck, who lived through both the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, sought to bring attention to how families of Oklahoma outdid these disasters. Steinbeck focuses on families of Oklahoma, including the Joads family, who reside on a farm. The Joad family is tested with hardship when life for them on their farm takesRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck702 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s use of the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath helps weave the reader’s sympathy of the Joad family into a more broad sympathy for the migrant farmers as a whole, in the hopes that the readers would then be compelled to act upon what they have read. During the Great Depression, people had a big disconnect about what was happening in various parts of the country. People often struggle to find sympathy for events when they can’t even visualize a person who is suffering throughRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1014 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first written and later published in the 1939. Fr om the time of its publication to date, the exemplary yet a simple book has seen Steinbeck win a number of highly coveted awards including Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and later on Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set at the time of the Great Depression, the book most remarkably gives a descriptive account of the Oklahoma based sharecropper Joad’ poor family in the light of economic hardship, homelessnessRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, originated from a John Steinbeck’s book, a legendary film that focus on a major point of American history. The story follows the Joad family on their journey to California trying to survive the hardships. This film, focus on the social problems of America like the Dust bowl, The Great Depression, and industrialism. The Grapes of Wrath was filmed in a journalistic-documentary style, which displayed the realism of the epidemic in the thirties. The thirties the period The Grapes

Abortion Is The Removal Of An Embryo - 922 Words

According to 2012 Merriam Webster dictionary Abortion is the removal of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus to gain the end of pregnancy. Abortion was illegal many years in the U.S.A. It later became legal only when the females life was in danger. In 1973 abortion was legalized, due to a supreme-court ruling in the case of Roe vs Wade. Abortion was and always will be controversial and that is how there were groups formed who call themselves pro-life, and pro-choice. Pro-life members believe that life begins at conception, and pro-choice members believe that it should always and only be the mother’s choice to decide what to do with the unborn child. Not only has this procedure been around many years, it also have changed the way women talk about the option to carry out their wish to abort. Many years ago women would not consider talking about this procedure, they would rather go and have this done quiet and secretly, and face the consequences all alone. Today females are more open to the subject and discuss every aspect of the procedure. Rather than to scare someone, the purpose of this article is to inform the uneducated female about the procedure itself, the medical, emotional, and physical consequences a female could suffer due to this procedure are my intentions to discuss. There are several different ways to perform this procedure. Physician office’s offer educational sessions and written information about these procedures to make themselves look professional. TheShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is A Or Medical Removal Of An Embryo1659 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes not begin until birth. The issue of abortion has been the subject of debate for several decades. Religions in Australia have influenced attitudes and laws with regards to this issue in the past. Are the attitudes and involvement of Australian religions in the abortion debate still relevant and do they make a difference? Abortion is a surgical or medical removal of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy (Dictionary, 2016). Abortion in Australia has always been regulatedRead MoreAbortion Is The Termination Of Pregnancy990 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is the termination of pregnancy which has been a very controversial topic for almost half a century. Should abortion be legalized? People all over the world have different opinions. Abortion can be performed surgically or medicinally. The 1973 Supreme Court decision (known as Roe vs. Wade) marked an important turning point in abortion by legalizing it. Different states have various laws on abortion. It continues to be debated worldwide. Abortion has been around for decades. Each yearRead MoreThere Are A Greater Number Of Passings By Premature Births1122 Words   |  5 PagesThere are a greater number of passings by premature births than war setbacks together, now that is something to consider (Abortion Statistics). Premature birth is a dubious subject, with numerous conclusions and substantial focuses. Premature birth is the think end of a pregnancy by surgical or medicinal means (Vaughn 161). I trust that it isn t right to prematurely end a child since it is alive. Some trust an infant is alive at origination and others following a little while. Whichever way it isRead MorePro-Life versus Pro-Choice627 Words   |  3 Pages Pro-Life V. Pro-Choice Should humans maintain the right to terminate or end a defenseless unborn child’s life? Abortion, the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to terminate pregnancy ranks as the greatest arguments in society today. Someone described as â€Å"pro-life† means they disapprove of abortion. These people believe in the right to life. Imagine what the innocent children that died could have been today. Possibly, there might have resulted a cure to cancer or other seriousRead MoreWho In This World Is To Say To Us WhatS Wrong And Right?1721 Words   |  7 Pagesmany different opinions and many different feelings to those who take this topic to heart . The main question is should abortion be legal ? so many answers are out there but the main way to look at it is how does that person view this , is it a problem , or not. Through this paper i will be providing validated sources from both sides showing everything there is to know about abortion and showing why you should or shouldn t abort that next one. This topic on its own is a actually a very sensitive oneRead MoreAn Argument in Favor of Stem Cell Research Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion, gay marriage, and illegal immigration are all hot button topics currently being faced by Americans. As ardently as each side defends their stance on a controversial issue, an opposing side fights with equal diligence for the beliefs they feel should be valued by our nation. Perhaps nowhere is this battle more heated than in the fight over stem cell research. While supporters of this new field of science tout it’s potential to cure everything from blindness to paralysis, those against stemRead MoreThroughout The United States There Has Always Been A Big1297 Words   |  6 Pagesbig debate on whether or not abortion is ethically acceptable or not. Though many individuals see it as killing a child, many others can overlook that burden and see the consequences of having a child at that point in time. Individuals who are put in a pregnancy situation and have to look into all aspects of an abortion and the reasons for this procedure, while also realizing the biological development of the fetus, and the process of an abortion. Though abortion is nobody’s first option whenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreAbortion: Every Woman Has the Right to Choose Essay examples1222 Words   |  5 Pages Should abortion be legal? This debate is a strong issue in the U.S. Many people are for it, and many are against it. However, it seems people have extreme viewpoints on the issue. It is either all or nothing. The moderate position on abortion is it should be legal only under certain circumstances. According to the essay Three positions on abortion by Thomas Shannon and Nicholas Kockler, the moderate position would limit a consideration on the health of the fetus, risks to the life of motherRead MorePro Life Or Pro Choice1291 Words   |  6 PagesPro Life or Pro Choice The restrictions and the debate that surrounds the issue of abortion has changed dramatically throughout the course of history and it continues to change until this very moment. All around the world and in every known society, women have used abortion to control their reproduction, regardless of it’s legality. Abortion used to be exercised freely in the United Sates, up Until all the states started to ban It and place a lot of restrictions on it. They stated that a woman

Consider Planting an Oak in Your Yard

Red and white oaks (Quercus species) are great trees to plant in your yard and you will find one from the many oak species available to choose from. An oak is the  state tree  of Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland and New Jersey. Oaks have always suffered from a slow growth image to the favor of planting quick-growing, short-lived native and exotic trees. Habit and Range You can find an oak species growing naturally in all 48 states. There are white and live oaks in the West. Live, red and white oaks populate the East - oaks are everywhere and are the most popular tree in the United States. In fact, the oak has been selected as Americas national tree by the National Arbor Day Foundation and found in every North American state and province. Strong Cultivars Best cultivars by preferred oak species: White Oaks - Jasper, Lincoln, Crimson SpireRed and Scarlet Oaks - Red SplendensLive Oaks - Highrise, Southern Shade Oak Plant Hardiness Zones Oaks hardy through zone 3 if selected from northern sources. Expert Comments Bur oak...is a majestic, rugged tree, extremely variable even for an oak, and tolerates a wide range of habitats...under favorable conditions, it ranks among the most impressive of all trees. - Guy Sternberg, Native Trees for North American Landscapes If but one oak could grace my garden, this (scarlet oak) would be the choice.- Michael Dirr, Dirrs Hardy Trees and Shrubs Amoung the 600 or so oak species...an elite few of these, in the right place at the right time, have inspired the kind of awe and legend attached to gods and heroes. Such trees are mainly of the white oak group. - Arthur Plotnik, The Urban Tree Book

Cultural Issues Created by the Prohibition Era. - 813 Words

While the prohibition movement of the early twentieth century was brought on with a wholesome and moral mindset, the economic, political, and cultural factors relating to its origins and enactment untimely doomed it for failure. Such groups as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the progressive party argued that drinking was the cause of political corruption, crime, bad labor conditions, and a declining sense of family values. These groups’ protests and rallies gained enormous support quickly for a constitution amendment as early as 1913 with the Jubilee Convention. Before the Eighteenth Amendment officially declared the U.S as a dry country, prohibition was already in effect in a majority of states and counties. By the time the amendment took effect in January of 1920, three of every four Americans lived in a dry county; and due to the enactment of the Webb-Kenyon Act of 1913 outlawing the shipment of alcohol into dry states, the amendment caused little change in the lives of many Americans. Many hoped that prohibition would be the moral reform that would regenerate society; however, it resulted in more corruption and organized crime. Unperceived economic factors relating to bootlegging, taxes, and police enforcement heavily contributed to the demise of the prohibition era. As soon as the eighteenth amendment took effect a ring of bootlegging and organized gangs emerged. In addition to many of these bootleggers brewing their own â€Å"moonshine† to sell, severalShow MoreRelatedProhibition in the Great Gatsby1355 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by prohibition. The prohibition law restricted the manufacturing, consumption, transportation, and sale of alcohol. The law was put into effect to lower the crime and corruption rates in the United States in the 1920s. It was also said to reduce social problems and lower taxes. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald examines the negative repercussions of prohibition on the economy, charac ters in the Great Gatsby, and on the different social classes of the 1920s. Prohibition was passedRead MoreThe 1920s transformations greatly affected the American society. There was a dramatic social change700 Words   |  3 Pagesmany aspects of this culture that broke away from the moral and manners of the Victorian era, in some ways this era was also traditional and conservative. Some issues during this era, known as the â€Å"roaring twenties† or the age of wonderful nonsense, like the â€Å"new woman†, the consumer culture, and the â€Å"new negro† contributed to the progression that was prevalent in the 1920s. The status of women during this era changed dramatically. In 1919, women earned the right to vote and were also taking on moreRead MoreCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition1399 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition and other substance bans have a long history in the United States dating back to the late 19th century. Cohen (2006) believed the root cause for drug-prohibition movement, including alcohol, derives from race. In the era of mass US immigration, Chinese, Mexicans, Black Africans, and European denominations, posed a democratic threat to White â€Å"native† Americans. White Racial fears amplified the moral problem of drug use to the Protestant Church by associating drugs with individual racialRead MoreThe 196 0s Of The 1920s Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1920s were a time of optimism for many Americans. Most remember the era as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, a term that calls up images of listening to jazz in Harlem Nightclubs, happy people dancing the famous Charleston, or people piling into inexpensive Model T Fords for joy rides around the city. People enjoyed the rapid advances in medicine, a thriving economy, and many technological conveniences in their lives. However, despite all of the bright spots during the 1920s there were several dark spotsRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Violence1249 Words   |  5 Pages The Organized Crime Convention provides states a certain plan to battle organized crime. Crime has marked our history, and unfortunately, it will continue in the future. The criminal justice system is society’s response towards any violation of cultural norms. Advanced forensic procedures, together with the amount of news given by the public allows an offender to be tracked down. New and improved forensic technology aids scientists and investigators to conclude their ongoing criminal investigationRead MoreProgressive Era Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesProgressive Era and the New Deal. Rapid changes after the Civil War brought on a need for economic, social and political reforms. Before the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government took a very hands-off approach and had little involvement in, and little care for the welfare of the American people. With the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government became more involved and responsive to the public and implemented many revisions and reforms. The Progressive Era was a timeRead MoreThe Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20’s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American nation, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20’s era of growth and reform. As this time period brought profound changes, conflict, cultural excitement, and experimentationRead MoreAmerican Reformers, By Ronald G. Walters1087 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Reformers,1815-1860 Book Review American Reformers, 1815-1860 goes into the social and political issues surrounding the Jackson Presidency. Ronald G. Walters effectively chronicalizes the reformation and radicalization of the main issues prevalent in early 19th century. These issues included slavery, alcoholism, women’s rights, religion and science. He explains how these issues led to the transformation of our country into what it is today and explains the reformers responsible for suchRead MoreProgressivism : A Wide And Varied Movement Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesleaders. For the resolution of diversified problems existing at the local and state levels, progressivism focused on promoting idea of public ownership of government run by professional city bosses. Leaders of the movement strived to resolve the issues created by the wave of industrialization. At the time of movement the main problems confronted by the American society was the gigantic growth of cities and industries. Hundreds of thousands of African Americans started migrating to the northern citiesRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s The Argument Against The War1182 Words   |  5 PagesIndians such as Comanche, Wacos, Tonkawas and how they demanded attacks to stop their incursions. It also highlights the cross cultural relations between the two groups. After several clashes between alliances, the US-Mexico war was fought and Texas became independent in 1812. 1) Under the Spanish and Mexico regimes, Native Americans enjoyed access to the socio-economic-cultural system, with considerable autonomy and were integrated into the broader sphere of policies and economics. However the Northern

Independence of Student in University Life Free Essays

Independence of Student in University Life â€Å"Away from home†, a rather simple and common phrase that is no stranger to most of the university students whom are studying overseas. Since young, as a child, we were living under the shades of our parents, handled with care in their hands. For them, we are as precious as diamonds, being protected under their wings and not knowing how the world look like because everything had been done for us by the love of our parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Independence of Student in University Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even when problem strikes, parents will definitely be the first to stand up for us and solve these difficulties without having us as children worry about it. Most of us are growing up in this protected environment; we are almost immune from the threats of the world. Bad news is, one day, you will have to leave that comfort zone and explore what the world has for you. That day will come when students are at the age of extending their studies in the overseas. No matter which university they are going, they would not be able to bring their parents along. They will have to learn to be independent and know how to take care of themselves. It is a journey of life which most of us have to go through. Some may say that university life is a sign of torture because you are leaving your love ones behind, but mostly it is a process of life that helps gain our confidence towards society and letting us be independent and responsible. Many find it hard to achieve independence because most are raised in a perfect environment, which our parents have kindly built for us. Being independent is where you must have self-confident and such belief in yourself that you can achieve anything you have intent to get. Some people are emotionally dependent to their parents. Well, it is not a fault to depend on your parents because they will never steer you wrong and they love you very much. However, sooner or later, you will realize that they will not be there forever whenever you need them because â€Å"flower withers and human perishes†, one must not become overly attached or dependent on their parents but instead exercise self-contained and self-sufficient. Being independent does not mean that you have to abandon your friends and family and draw a line in between. You will still need someone to talk to during tough times and solve issues that you could not settle on your own. Parents and friends are the pillars that support you, even if they could not help you, they will certainly lend you listening ears, to hear you out whenever you need someone. This is normal as we are only human. As students walk into the world, they will face new things that they had never exposed to. Since they are the â€Å"newbies† of the world, it will be difficult for them to differentiate what is right and what is wrong, they will tend to try anything that seems new to them out of curiosity. Therefore, these overseas students must be strong in their stands and not easily swayed by negative activities such as smoking, drugs, vandalism and so on. The activities that they are participating now will definitely be an influence to their future. A wrong step might lead to a narrow or dim future. At this point, it will be the time to reap what our parents have sown into us – to see how much we have absorbed from their teaching and hopefully the roots of it grows deep in us to avoid temptations of life. In order to allow readers to visualize the big picture more clearly, I had personally interviewed 2 students whom are around school leaving age. A hospitality student, Clement Chai, whom is currently 19 years old stated that, â€Å"Well, before coming over to Singapore, my parents already taught me day by day on how to be independent. Basically living with them is already preparing me to live independently†. Another student that I had interviewed was a Korean student, Yee Won Chan. The 18-year-old enthusiastically mentioned that, â€Å"In such a modern country like Korea, I helped myself to be very independent by learning and memorizing directions. This has helped me a lot whenever I went overseas. I would never miss my school bus as I would always use the right road to get to the bus station and memorizing would always get me back home before the last train. I wouldn’t stress myself too much as I know it would only trouble me and so I took things simple and have a simple life at home†. Based on the above interviews, we can determine that learning to be independent is where the parents must learn to let go of their children and letting them make their own decisions as how Clement Chai has stated previously. This in a way will show the kids that different decisions will lead to different consequences and they will have to learn from it. This is all part of the learning process of being independent. A child has to learn that mum and dad are not going to be always there for you. Hence, at one point, they will have to rely on their own abilities to achieve their own goals and for that to happen, parents need to allow kids to experience the real world that they aren’t always there to fix the problem. Nevertheless, some people might still live with their parents after finishing university, but university is a step forward which will allow them to learn how to be â€Å"on their own† so to say. For example, managing finances, taking care of the car, making sure to have sufficient food and so on. In a nutshell, university is indeed a platform and also a battleground to train students to become more independent. There may be tough times where these students might not be able to have things done on their own. A true testimony will be from me personally, I lived in Kota Kinabalu but for a better study environment, I have to come to Kuala Lumpur. What strikes me the most is the fear of leaving home. My parents used to do everything for me and I did not know how it is like to be out there in the world. But now when I face problem, there is nobody there anymore to help me out. In this situation, I have learned to be independent, doing my own chores, solving problems, save money, and also cook my own meal. It is not easy doing all these but one thing for sure, this has turn me into a strong girl who is able to face the society with strength and confident. How to cite Independence of Student in University Life, Essays

Hunger game free essay sample

In the novel the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character is Katniss Everdeen a female that represent district 12. Throughout her journey she has to fight against eleven other district and twenty-three other tributes in order to be the last tribute to survive. Although Katniss know that the Hunger Games is not an easy task to complete winning or staying alive is the only option, she still gain the power and confidences to compete. Throughout the Hunger Games all the power was given to the totalitarian government of the capitol. The government was able to control the people and the districts of Panem, because they hold most of the country of Panem wealth. In theHunger Games the citizens of Panem were consider to be servants in a brutal game of life and death. The games keep the people of the districts divided and fighting among themselves. â€Å"Taking the kids from our districts, forcing them to kill on another while we watch† (1. For example, in our second paper, which require us to choose specific person who is an outlier in your view. After all the factors Caldwell wrote in his book Outlier, I thought my purpose in this paper to convince people that the person I choose is an outlier.What need is to find information that makes my choice satisfied the characteristics of an outlier. After knowing my purpose, started to work on my thesis statement. My thesis statement in this paper is : in my paper am going to argue that his(Steve Jobs) family, the environment he grew up as well as his friends are also the factors that promote the progress of success(Al 1). In the book A Writers Reference, it suggests us: An effective thesis statement is a central idea that requires supporting evidence: its scope is appropriate for the required length of the essay: and it is sharply soused(Hacker 16). Hint my thesis statement is clear. I have my side that Steve Jobs is an outlier and indicate the reasons why he is so. It also gives me an idea that what need to do in my body paragraph is to search information based on Steve Jobs family, childhood and his friends. The second characteristics of good, effective writing is that the organization of the paper should be logical, which means that the ideas are logically flow. A well organized paper uses techniques to build cohesion and coherence between and within paragraphs to orient and guide the reader through the paper, neglecting ideas, building details, and strengthening the Mason).Each paragraph should focus on a main point in a topic sentence and each paragraph is connected. Each paragraph should have a one-sentence summary that tells readers what to expect as they read on and it usually comes first in the paragraph. After the topic sentence, then you can provide detailed definition and examples to develop the mail idea. In my third paper the most violent heroism, my purpose is to prove that the heroism in Americas film and novels actually make people desensitizing to violence and remotes the violence in America.So in my first body paragraph, I need to talk about the heroism in Americas history. I started my paragraph by a topic sentence stated: Among these America films, there are expectations that the hero in the film will save all the people from repression and disasters(Lie 2). Then I give general rule about how the heroism formed in these films and also some examples of a particularly film to develop my idea even further. But in order to make connection between the violence in America, still need to show how the audiences reaction about this killing.So my last sentence stated that people actually love to see this killing by the hero and more violence involved, they love it better. Right after this, started my second paragraph by: this kind of belief and faith will definitely contribute to the v iolence in the real 2). I think this makes my paper flow logically and the connection between each paragraph is clear too. I noticed that in my first draft of essay three, I did not do a good job at the organization. Although each of my paragraph stick to the mail point of the paragraph, but there isnt such connection between each one.They are separate ideas and have ineffective connection. So in my final draft, tried to first get the main purpose, then develop the thesis into different part and find the connection of each, then start to write. The third characteristics of good, effective writing is that it should have enough effective and interesting academic sources to supporter idea. In our second paper, the teacher specifically mentioned the importance of academic research. The sources from academic are more reliable and effective. It can first support our point and be more convincing.Secondly, it actually makes our paper more interesting to read. Like I provided some statistic about the crime rate in America. It is from academic sources and very effectively proved my point that the crime rate is America is high. Also, in my second paper, I wrote a lot of personal stories about Steve Jobs from the book Steve Jobs, which I think makes my paper more interesting. The fourth characteristics of good, effective writing is that the words are appropriate, and the sentences are concise, emphatic, and correct, ND also the grammar. Good writing uses just the right words to say just the right things and fluent sentences are easy to understand and fun to read with expression. Conventions are the ways we all agree to use punctuation, spelling, grammar, and other things that make writing consistent and easy to read. I think I did not do a good job at this part. Firstly, I am an international student. So my vocabulary is not as much as the native student. Sometimes am not able to use the right word to express myself. It may be confusing for the reader. The sentences in my paper are not fluent enough. Put common in the wrong place or wrote confusing sentence. Emily also indicated that it may be harder for people to read. The grammar is another problem have. But now have a habit that after I finish my paper. I will go to the writing center to ask for help. They will correct my mistake and hope can get better at grammar. When this semester is finished, I went back and looked my paper again. I think my strengths are can a clear view about the purpose of my paper and I can write a clear thesis statement.

Music role in the lives of people free essay sample

It takes me back to a time when my parents and all of my siblings were alive and we would ether around and sing fun songs such as Row, Row, Row Your Boat (Alphabet roam late 2012). I enjoy teaching my grandchildren the same great songs that I learned and taught my children as well. 2. What music do you associate with adolescence? Was this music a way to fit in or rebel? As an adolescent was drawn to the sounds of Rock music. I enjoyed music from such artists as 38 Special, Kiss, Poison, and White Snake to name a few. Im not sure listened to this music for either purpose of fitting in or rebelling.I remember listening to the melodies and rhythms and just feeling the music. It was easy to get caught up in the moment and lose yourself in the fantasies and ease of passion and flow of the words and sounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Music role in the lives of people or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of my favorite songs was Talk Dirty to Me (asss rock: Poison 2013). The title alone gives away the feel for the type of music that the boasts the ass. This kind of music enabled adolescents to feel, express and share their emotions regardless of happy, sad, or angry. 3. What music do you associate with comfort? How do these songs help you deal with disappointment or stress?The type of music associate with comfort is Christian music. If I am sad, down or overly stressed listen to this type of music. One of my favorite artists is Chris Tomlinson. Some of his music that I enjoy listening to and that I find comfort in are How Great is Our God and Indescribable. I get lost in the glory of God and all his powerful abilities including the way he speaks through the music of others. Comfort music is another type of music that provides comfort mostly when times are difficult and I feel like can no longer cope with a stressful situation.This type of music is helpful during death, unmanageable change, emotional sisters, restlessness, agitation, and breakups among other difficult times. This type of music can provide support to both behavioral and psychological issues. 4. What music do you associate with happiness? Why? Pop songs are the songs associated with happiness. This type of music just gets me in a happy and energetic mood. I love to sing along and dance to Pop music when the timing is right. Music such as Diamonds by Iranian just get me going and make me feel happy. They also help reduce tension and get me in a cleaning mood.

The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

The Story of an Hour by Kate ChopinOne of the best essays in the college reading list is the essay that shows how the student's story has been written out in an essay. The type of person a person is and how that person expresses their story is what will be told in the essay.Just as English writing requires context to be set up with words, the essay needs to be interpreted in the context of a person. Without having this context, the reader will not get the sense of who that person is or what they are really trying to say. Essays need to be able to address what the individual is trying to convey and in order to do this they need to have the essay built around the person.Students often choose to write their essay on a single topic in English composition, and that is not necessarily a bad thing. It is important however, to understand that no matter which topic is chosen, that it is still a piece of writing that is to be interpreted. An essay is made up of the statement of ideas that you want to express, the form of your writing and the manner in which you are addressing the reader. An essay that is not constructed correctly will not stand out.You can determine what your character or story is trying to convey in an essay by knowing your reader. This is the person you are trying to reach with the essay. If you are trying to make a point to the point that your are getting across then it is important to determine what they are looking for and where they are coming from. Once you know what your reader is looking for you can take steps to be sure that they are getting the message you are trying to get across.If you want to build up to something big in the piece you are going to need to show that you understand the point you are trying to make in the piece, or you will be making the reader come to you instead of you coming to them. There are two ways you can do this. The first is to spend some time letting your reader know who they are and why they are reading, so that yo u can see where you need to go with the piece.The second is to pull them into different settings with the essay. This means showing them how the people of different cultures interact in different places. By doing this you can make the reader feel like they are moving through a world they do not actually inhabit.Essays can vary in length but are usually short, five to seven hundred words. Essays can also vary in length, depending on whether or not they are to be a case study or they are more comprehensive accounts of what the writer has done. The size of the essay can help to create the image of the writer. An essay is a representation of a person and you can make your piece stand out by giving it a look that will help to create a compelling piece.

Research proposal on open innovation or discontinuous innovation

Background Innovations have sometimes been considered as routine parts of organisational operations. In this regard, new product developments or shifts in company functions are often done systematically and will result in better performance of what the company has been doing before.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research proposal on open innovation or discontinuous innovation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, once in a while, a company may make a revolutionary discovery that could dramatically alter the core function of the firm or even create a new industry in its place. These kinds of innovations are known as discontinuous innovations. The major challenge with discontinuous innovations is that their benefits cannot be easily detected. In fact, most organisations that have commissioned market researchers and consultants to investigate the degree of acceptance of their product have often found that those radical innovations posses very little public support (Christensen, 1997). A case in point was the fax machine invented by Xerox. When this firm commissioned market research on acceptability of their new product, they actually got negative ratings for it. If the administrators of this firm solely relied on the market sentiments at that time, then they would not have revolutionised the document imaging industry as we know it today. Not only do discontinuous innovations pose the latter challenge, it is likely that they may result in radical cannibalism. This term refers to the eventual elimination of old product and service offerings following the invention of a new form of technology. One such example is the discovery and growth of digital photography thus leading to the decline of chemical photography. Kodak Company has had to embrace digital photography which competed with its older product category i.e. chemical photography. It was a risk that had to be taken and eventu ally shrunk the market size of its former products. Furthermore, a discontinuous innovation may fulfil most of the functions that the previous technology could but may not always have the qualities that the previous invention had (Anthony, et. al., 2008). Given all these challenges, it is difficult to ascertain whether discontinuous innovations can translate into long term income growth.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research questions An analysis of a discontinuous innovation’s perceptions by the public is essential in assessing its financial impact. How do firms deal with market research in order to understand consumer needs with regard to their new innovation? Waiting for discontinuous innovation to occur may minimise their likelihood of its occurrence hence its ability to generate revenue (Brentani, 2000). In what ways do managers make deliberate effor ts to inculcate a culture of discontinuous innovation that would cause new revenue streams. Organisational stakeholders are almost always likely to resist development of a disruptive technology. Which kinds of strategies can be utilised in minimising or avoiding resistance to these innovations so as to foster long term changes? Methodology In response to research question one, a case study analysis of previous discontinuous inventers will be done. Inventions such as Hewlett Placard’s inkjet printer, Xerox’s fax machine and Chrysler’s minivan will be analysed and each firm’s approach and dealings with market research will be done. Question number two will require an analysis of literature on change culture so as to curve out a pattern of discontinuous change innovation. Consequently, common approaches will be identified and expounded. For question number three interviews of managers from these three firms during the time of the innovations will be done so as to identity the various methods that individuals from these organisations used in order to foster disruptive change. References Christensen, C. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma: when disruptive technologies cause great firms to fail. Boston: Harvard business school press Brentani, U. (2000). Innovative versus incremental new business services: different keys for achieving success. Production innovation management, 3(18), 169-187 Anthony, S.. Sinfield, J., Johnson, M. Altman, E. (2008). Innovator’s guide to growth-putting disruptive innovation to work. Boston: Harvard business school press This research paper on Research proposal on open innovation or discontinuous innovation was written and submitted by user L1l1ana to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Inventors or Muckers Who Worked for Thomas Edison

The Inventors or Muckers Who Worked for Thomas Edison Already by the time he moved to Menlo Park in 1876, Thomas Edison had gathered many of the men who would work with him for the rest of their lives. By the time Edison built his West Orange lab complex, men came from all over the United States and Europe to work with the famous inventor. Often these young muckers, as Edison called them, were fresh out of college or technical training. Unlike most inventors, Edison depended upon dozens of muckers to build and test his ideas. In return, they received only workmens wages. However, the inventor said, it was not the money they want, but the chance for their ambition to work. The average work week was six days for a total of 55 hours. Nevertheless, if Edison had a bright idea, days at work would extend far into the night. By having several teams going at once, Edison could invent several products at the same time. Still, each project took hundreds of hours of hard work. Inventions could always be improved, so several projects took years of effort. The alkaline storage battery, for example, kept muckers busy for almost a decade. As Edison himself said, Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.   What was it like to work for Edison? One mucker said that he could wither one with his biting sarcasm or ridicule one into extinction. On the other hand, as electrician, Arthur Kennelly stated, The privilege which I had being with this great man for six years was the greatest inspiration of my life. Historians have called the research and development laboratory Edisons greatest invention. In time, other companies such as General Electric built their own laboratories inspired by the West Orange lab. Mucker and Famous Inventor Lewis Howard Latimer  (1848-1928) Although Latimer never worked directly for Edison at any of his laboratories, his many talents deserve special mention. The son of an escaped slave, Latimer overcame poverty and racism in his scientific career. While working for Hiram S. Maxim, a competitor with Edison, Latimer patented his own improved method to make carbon filaments. From 1884 to 1896, he worked in New York City for the Edison Electric Light Company as an engineer, draftsman, and legal expert. Latimer later joined the Edison Pioneers, a group of old Edison employees - its only African American member. Since he never worked with Edison at the Menlo Park or West Orange laboratories, however, he is not technically a mucker. As far as we know, there were no African American muckers.   Mucker and Plastics Pioneer: Jonas Aylsworth (18-1916) A gifted chemist, Aylsworth began working at the West Orange labs when they opened in 1887. Much of his work involved testing materials for phonograph recordings. He left around 1891 only to return ten years later, working both for Edison and in his own laboratory. He patented condensite, a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde, for use in Edison Diamond Disc records. His work with interpenetrating polymers came decades before other scientists made similar discoveries with plastics.   Mucker and Friend until the End: John Ott (1850-1931) Like his younger brother Fred, Ott worked with Edison in Newark as a machinist in the 1870s. Both brothers followed Edison to Menlo Park in 1876, where John was Edisons principal model and instrument maker. After the move to West Orange in 1887, he served as superintendent of the machine shop until a terrible fall in 1895 left him severely injured. Ott held 22 patents, some with Edison. He died only one day after the inventor; his crutches and wheelchair were placed by Edisons casket at Mrs. Edisons request.   Mucker  Reginald Fessenden  (1866-1931) Canadian-born Fessenden had been trained as an electrician. So when Edison wanted to make him a chemist, he protested. Edison replied, I have had a lot of chemists... but none of them can get results. Fessenden turned out to be an excellent chemist, working with insulation for electrical wires. He left the West Orange lab around 1889 and patented several inventions of his own, including patents for telephony and telegraphy. In 1906, he became the first person to broadcast words and music over radio waves.   Mucker and Film Pioneer: William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (1860-1935) Along with most of the West Orange crew in the 1890s, Dickson worked mainly on Edisons failed iron ore mine in western New Jersey. However, his skill as staff photographer led him to assist Edison in his work with motion pictures. Historians still argue over who was more important to the development of films, Dickson or Edison. Together, though, they accomplished more than they did on their own later. The fast pace of work at the lab left Dickson much afflicted by brain exhaustion. In 1893, he suffered a nervous breakdown. By the next year, he was already working for a competing company while still on Edisons payroll. The two parted bitterly the next year and Dickson returned to his native Britain to work for the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.   Mucker and Sound Recording Expert: Walter Miller (1870-1941) Born in nearby East Orange, Miller started working as a 17-year-old apprentice boy at the West Orange lab soon after it opened in 1887. Many muckers worked here a few years and then moved on, but Miller stayed at West Orange his entire career. He proved himself in many different jobs. As manager of the Recording Department and Edisons primary recording expert, he ran the New York City studio where recordings were made. Meanwhile, he also carried on experimental recordings in West Orange. With Jonas Aylsworth (mentioned above), he earned several patents covering how to duplicate records. He retired from Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated in 1937.

The Current Position of Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Current Position of Starbucks - Essay Example Though profit maximization, sales maximization makes the backbone of every company’s objective, Starbucks have over insisted on this and failed to maximize its quality management and customer needs. The replacement of comfy seats with stands, stylish coffee cups with general cups, stuffy environments and supply of sandwiches whose smell overpowered the sweet scent of brewed coffee is also another strategy that led to the drastic decline of the company’s sales. This shows a complete diversion of the company’s mission and goal. Waitresses and waiters have also been overburdened; they no longer appreciate their work. They feel that the goal they were working hard to achieve and sustain has suddenly changed (Mulcaster, 2009). Brewing of coffee was the major idea behind Starbucks formation. However this idea has changed to automatic making of coffee that customers complain about. The quality of coffee is not felt anymore and so is the social effect of the stores. The employees’ attachment with the customers has reduced due to the tall coffee making machines that destruct the customers view when coffee is made (Mintzberg et al., 2003). ...ategy to help them cope up with the food crisis problems, such as decreasing its prices, or even changing the type of cups to small ones that were affordable just like its competitors deed. Nonetheless, this company did not take into concern efforts made by its competitors. Many stores came up with new strategies to combat Starbuck’s increased sales. The strategy then employed by this company was to open even more stores in the US. However they failed to carry along their distinctive character with them, such as brewing coffee, presence of comfy seats, and ensuring that the sweet aroma of coffee was still intact. As a result the decline of its shares in the stock exchange was inevitable. This is because there is no one who would like to be associated with a declining firm which translates to low di vidends due to the low profits and sales realized. Though Starbucks Company still has the capabilities and resources that can help it to still lead in the coffee world, the environment in which it is running its business is too tight. First the economy has changed. Food prices have hiked, meaning that the disposable income of the consumers is low. They will therefore not opt to take expensive coffee. In addition, its competitors are doing all they can to make sure that they also increase their sales and also penetrate the market just as Starbucks is doing. They are thus growing at the same level. The company’s employees are also getting tired of the introduction of new products. Not that it is wrong, but because their opinion is not taken into concern. They feel that they are not part of the company anymore. However, Starbuck Company can be able to reinstate itself once more and be on the lead in coffee roasting and retailing.

The Effects of Education on Youth Smoking Essay

The Effects of Education on Youth Smoking - Essay Example Moreover, legislation has been passed around the globe which seeks to reduce the impact that certain marketing strategies can have on adolescent for instances. Legislation has recently it has United States which is that cartoon characters or other visually suggestive marketing strategies, such as Joe Camel, it should not be used due to the fact that the underage individuals to engage with cigarette merely because the marketing is specifically targeted to their demographic. Even though these changes have taken place, the sad reality is that young people continue to start smoking cigarettes each and every day. This is all particular importance not only due to the fact that children are just as susceptible to the health impacts that cigarettes entail as adults, it is also of high importance due to the fact that once a young person begin smoking, they are oftentimes likely to continue this habit well into adulthood; oftentimes until they develop a severe medical condition which can take their life. As a means of understanding this reality, the following analysis will focus upon the reasons for why young people begin smoking as a means of seeking to diminish these causal forces that exist within society and promoting a more healthful nation. A great deal of research has indicated that one of the causal reasons for adolescents to begin smoking has to do with whether or not their parents smoke. As such, a statistically higher level of likelihood exists for those adolescents whose parents, or parent as the case may be, smoke as compared to those you do not have such an influence within the home. Naturally, a further reason for why this is a factor has to do with the fact that individual adolescents whose parents/parent smoke are presented with the widespread availability of cigarettes all through their youth (Sohn, 2014).

Rights To Equal Pay Sociology Essay

Rights To Equal Pay Sociology Essay It used to be very common for employers to pay men more than women even when they do exactly the same job. Before the 1950s, most Canadians accepted that men should be paid more than women for doing the same work because men were supposed to be responsible for supporting their families and women were not. Men were the breadwinners and women were responsible for running the home. But times changed. After the Second World War, many countries agreed that it was very important to create an international agreement that people, regardless of what country they live in, should be protected from discrimination and should have the same basic human rights. The United Nations created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, and Canada was one of the many countries that signed it. One of the rights in the Declaration was: Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. During the 1950s, the federal government and the provinces passed equal pay laws to create this right in Canada. The federal government passed An Act to Promote Equal Pay for Female Employees in 1956. This law also applied in the Northwest Territories. Most of these laws prohibited employers from paying women less than men for doing the same work, and most were part of employment or labour standards legislation. Because of the large number of AmRameshn women taking jobs in the war industries during World War II, the National War Labor Board urged employers in 1942 to voluntarily make adjustments which equalize wage or salary rates paid to females with the rates paid to males for comparable quality and quantity of work on the same or similar operations. Until the early 1960s, newspapers published separate job listings for men and women. Jobs were categorized according to sex, with the higher level jobs listed almost exclusively under Help Wanted-Male. In some cases the ads ran identical jobs under male and female listings-but with separate pay scales. Separate, of course, meant unequal: between 1950 and 1960, women with full time jobs earned on average between 59-64 cents for every dollar their male counterparts earned in the same job. It wasnt until the passage of the Equal Pay Act on June 10, 1963 (effective June 11, 1964) that it became illegal to pay women lower rates for the same job strictly on the basis of their sex. Demonstrable differences in seniority, merit, the quality or quantity of work, or other considerations might merit different pay, but gender could no longer be viewed as a drawback on ones resumà ©. Unfortunately, this right was not very helpful. It was very hard for women to use this right to make sure that they actually got paid as much as men for doing essentially the same work. Sometimes, the difference in pay was not in wages, but in benefits or bonuses, and employers could hide a difference in pay by calling it a benefit or a bonus. Sometimes, the work performed by a female employee was not completely the same as the work performed by a male employee. For example, often male jobs had different job titles than female jobs. Employers could argue that the difference in job title meant that the work was not the same. Or the male job might have slightly different duties. Any small difference in the work could allow an employer to pay men and women very differently. By the 1970s, people were talking about a different idea of equal pay. Women were still earning a lot less than men. More and more single mothers were trying to support their children on their own, and more and more women and mothers were living in poverty. In response to these problems, some people said that the problem was not so much that women and men were being paid differently for doing similar work, but that men and women do not do similar work at all. They work in entirely different occupations. For example, more women than men work in nursing, more men than women work as mechanics. They said that problem is that womens work is just not considered as valuable as mens work simply because it is done by women and that leads to low pay. Cases: Two landmark court cases served to strengthen and further define the Equal Pay Act: Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. (1970), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Ruled that jobs need to be substantially equal but not identical to fall under the protection of the Equal Pay Act. An employer cannot, for example, change the job titles of women workers in order to pay them less than men. Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974), U.S. Supreme Court Ruled that employers cannot justify paying women lower wages because that is what they traditionally received under the going market rate. A wage differential occurring simply because men would not work at the low rates paid women was unacceptable. The blatant discrimination apparent in these court cases seems archaic today, as does the practice of sex-segregated job listings. The workplace has changed radically in the decades since the passage of the Equal Pay Act. The right to equal pay for work of equal value is a response to this concern. It prevents employers from paying work done by men differently than work done by women, even when the work is dissimilar, if the work is of equal value to the employer. This right is much more complicated than the right to equal pay for the same or substantially similar work because it requires a way of figuring out when dissimilar jobs have the same value to the employer. Others, like Ontario and Quebec, have enacted special laws, called pay equity laws that require all employers to take positive steps to make sure that they pay male and female employees equally for work of equal value, even if no one makes a complaint. Still other jurisdictions, like Saskatchewan and Manitoba, have pay equity or equal laws or policies that apply only to public sector employers and employees. This reflects a belief that public sector employers are better able than private sector employers (especially small private sector employers) to take on the complicated task of figuring out what work in the organization is equal in value. But what has not changed radically, however, is womens pay. The wage gap has narrowed, but it is still significant. Women earned 59% of the wages men earned in 1963; in 2012 they earned 80.9% of mens wages-an improvement of about half a penny per dollar earned every year. Why is there still such a disparity? Articles supporting this clause: Article 39(d) in the Constitution of India 1949: 39.Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State: The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to livelihood; (b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good; (c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment; (d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women; (e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; (f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment Article 15 in The Constitution Of India 1949: 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them (2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to (a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and palaces of public entertainment; or (b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children (4) Nothing in this article or in clause ( 2 ) of Article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes Issues: The issues regarding not equally paying men and women for equal work are- It is a human rights issue- If the work of a woman is valued less simply because she is a woman, her individual dignity is injured. It is an economic development issue- To promote equal treatment is equivalent to promote the nations productive potential. It is a human resources issue- Increasing salaries of undervalued workers can be more profitable as it increases morale and productivity, as well as reduces turnover and attracts talent. Concept of Equal Pay: 1. Equal pay for equal work This implies that men and women receive equal pay for the same or similar work. 2.Equal pay for work of equal value This implies that men and women receive equal pay for different jobs Discrimination based on sex: 1. Stereotypes and prejudices with regard to womens work; 2. Occupational segregation by gender; 3. Traditional undervaluing of womens job; 4. Traditional job evaluation methods designed on the basis of requirements of male-dominated jobs; 5.Weaker bargaining power on the part of female workers. When is unequal pay justified: Suppose there are two employees working for the same organization-Ramesh and Suresh. 1-If Ramesh had more experience or a higher educational degree than Suresh, their employer would not have to give them equal wages. Their jobs would not be considered substantially equal because they have different levels of education or experience. 2-Their employer could pay Suresh a higher wage if Ramesh works in Gomti Nagar, North Carolina and Suresh works in New York City. Employee must generally work in the same establishment for them to be considered to have substantially equal jobs. 3-If Ramesh supervises other employees but Suresh does not, their employer could pay Ramesh at a higher rate of pay. Ramesh has significantly more responsibility than Suresh does and therefore their jobs can not be considered substantially equal. 4-If Suresh must travel from job site to job site everyday, while Rameshs job allows her to work in the home office everyday, their jobs differ substantially and Suresh may receive a higher salary. Gender Pay Gap in Numbers: In most countries, womens wages for work of equal value represent on average between 70-90% of mens. In 2010, the OECD reported a gender wage gap in the medium full-time earnings of 17.6% across its members. In the EU, women earn on average 17.5% less than men during their lifetimes. In 2009 in the US, the womens to mens earnings ratio for 25-34 yr olds was 89% and for 45-54 yr olds was 74%. In case you thought the gender gap is restricted to the lower levels of workers, a survey done by the World Economic Forum (WEF) last year showed that there is a yawning gender gap in the corporate sector too. The average annual income of a woman is $1,185, less than a third of a mans $3,698 in corporate India. Articles Published Regarding Such Discrimination: Traditionally, women have not enjoyed equal access to basic human rights, protections, resources, and services. Unfortunately, gender inequality is still present in every society and remains as a huge barrier for the world. There are also two terms which explain different types of discrimination and give us courage to further push for womens rights. First, sexism is a form of discrimination and stereotyping that oppresses women. Second, patriarchy is a system where males are dominant. It is so common in many societies and also within families. Consequently, some violence against women is seen mostly in these types of communities and families. Recent acts of violence pertaining to womens rights are: violence within family, rape, sexual abuse, torture, etc. Some of the other issues commonly asked to be recognized as part of womens rights are: bodily integrity and autonomy, the right to vote (universal suffrage), hold public office, work, fair salary or equal pay, own property and to enter into legal contracts, education, serve in the military, to have marital, parental and religious rights. Efforts done and progress all over the world: In India, the Constitution recognized the principle of Equal Pay for Equal Work for both men and women, and Right to Work through Article 39(d) and 41. As far back as 1976 the Equal Remuneration Act came into effect and yet unequal pay dogs working women in India. From small businesses to large organisations to the unorganized sector, women are paid lesser wages than men for the same work. There have been major international efforts focused at eradicating these inequalities. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is the main international human rights treaty for women adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. In The Convention CEDAW, it is often described as an international bill of rights for women. The detailed document defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for international action to end such discrimination. In 2010, more than four decades after the US had enacted a law in 1963 to end wage discrimination on the basis of sex, President Barack Obama had to bring in yet another legislation to give women the right to seek remedy against wage discrimination since, in the US women earn only 77 cents per dollar earned by men. In 1963 women were paid 59 cents per every dollar earned by men. Obviously, the progress from 59 cents to 77 cents has been a slow crawl to say the least. Advantages of implementing such a clause: More effective use of skills. Positive impact on female workers. Better human resource management throughout the organization. Better working relationships among employees. Positive effects on the reputation and attractiveness of the business. Success Stories Due To This Clause: To prohibit discrimination on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. [S. 1409] (Avalon Project, 2006) Prior to the Equal Pay Act, men and women were not treated fairly within regards to wages. It was not unheard of for a man to make twice the salary for doing the same job a woman was capable of doing. With the passing of the Equal Pay Act, women are now a driving force in some of the biggest and most successful companies in the world. Anne Mulcahy, the CEO of the Xerox Corporation, led her company to over $15 million in revenue for 2005 with a 13% profit increase since 2004. Xerox ranks number 4 in the list of Fortune 500 computer and office equipment companies, surpassing powerhouses such as Apple, Pitney Bowes, and Gateway, companies all with men at the helm. (Fortune 500, 2006) Without the enactment of the Equal Pay Act, Anne Mulcahy may never have gotten the chance to advance to her current position. Talent Tree, a staffing company based out of Houston, Texas, is run by a woman by the name of Brenda Harris. Brenda began as CEO of Talent Tree in 2004 after working for the company for 21 years, beginning as a Staffing Manager. Since Brenda has been at the helm of Talent Tree, the company has seen its first profit in several years and was able to afford a company paid trip to Mexico to reward the branches of Talent Tree who contributed to the success of the company in 2005. Brenda has brought back a sense of family and teamwork to Talent Tree with strong but fair leadership, and because of her, the company is on the road to a success it has not seen in some time. (Talent Tree Names New President, 2004) Brenda has also made Talent Tree an excellent company to work for where diversity is strong and women are treated as equal to men, with compensation decided based on skill and experience, not based on gender, race, or any other minority factor. Although the Equal Pay Act of 1963 has allowed women such as Brenda Harris and Anne Mulcahy to become successful in what has been known as a mans world, there is still discrimination against women and many other minorities when it comes to wages. The Equal Pay Act has, in recent years, been the influence for other similar laws such as The Fair Pay Act (S. 840) and the Paycheck Fairness Act (S. 841) to help combat this discrimination. The Paycheck Fairness Act holds penalties for violations of compensation laws. Unfortunately, some employers do not take these laws seriously as the penalties are not that severe. Changing the penalties to have a more detrimental affect on employers who violate compensation laws will hopefully help to decrease the violations. (Federal Legislation, n.d.). Conclusion: Laws are meant to protect society from unjust and unfair behavior, and the passing of such clauses as Equal Pay for Equal Work for Both Men and Women has done an outstanding job of protecting women and other minorities from being treated unfairly in the workplace with regard to wages and other compensation. Women are just as capable as men of making successful contributions to companies and therefore have every right to receive equal compensation. This law ensures that compensation is fair and equal to everyone. Although there have been a number of violations over the years, the violations are few and far between and will only decrease as more and more companies are realizing that it takes talent and skill, not gender, to be a success. POWER TO WOMEN, POWER TO ALL OF US!