Cultural Issues Created by the Prohibition Era. - 813 Words

While the prohibition movement of the early twentieth century was brought on with a wholesome and moral mindset, the economic, political, and cultural factors relating to its origins and enactment untimely doomed it for failure. Such groups as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the progressive party argued that drinking was the cause of political corruption, crime, bad labor conditions, and a declining sense of family values. These groups’ protests and rallies gained enormous support quickly for a constitution amendment as early as 1913 with the Jubilee Convention. Before the Eighteenth Amendment officially declared the U.S as a dry country, prohibition was already in effect in a majority of states and counties. By the time the amendment took effect in January of 1920, three of every four Americans lived in a dry county; and due to the enactment of the Webb-Kenyon Act of 1913 outlawing the shipment of alcohol into dry states, the amendment caused little change in the lives of many Americans. Many hoped that prohibition would be the moral reform that would regenerate society; however, it resulted in more corruption and organized crime. Unperceived economic factors relating to bootlegging, taxes, and police enforcement heavily contributed to the demise of the prohibition era. As soon as the eighteenth amendment took effect a ring of bootlegging and organized gangs emerged. In addition to many of these bootleggers brewing their own â€Å"moonshine† to sell, severalShow MoreRelatedProhibition in the Great Gatsby1355 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by prohibition. The prohibition law restricted the manufacturing, consumption, transportation, and sale of alcohol. The law was put into effect to lower the crime and corruption rates in the United States in the 1920s. It was also said to reduce social problems and lower taxes. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald examines the negative repercussions of prohibition on the economy, charac ters in the Great Gatsby, and on the different social classes of the 1920s. Prohibition was passedRead MoreThe 1920s transformations greatly affected the American society. There was a dramatic social change700 Words   |  3 Pagesmany aspects of this culture that broke away from the moral and manners of the Victorian era, in some ways this era was also traditional and conservative. Some issues during this era, known as the â€Å"roaring twenties† or the age of wonderful nonsense, like the â€Å"new woman†, the consumer culture, and the â€Å"new negro† contributed to the progression that was prevalent in the 1920s. The status of women during this era changed dramatically. In 1919, women earned the right to vote and were also taking on moreRead MoreCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition1399 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition and other substance bans have a long history in the United States dating back to the late 19th century. Cohen (2006) believed the root cause for drug-prohibition movement, including alcohol, derives from race. In the era of mass US immigration, Chinese, Mexicans, Black Africans, and European denominations, posed a democratic threat to White â€Å"native† Americans. White Racial fears amplified the moral problem of drug use to the Protestant Church by associating drugs with individual racialRead MoreThe 196 0s Of The 1920s Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1920s were a time of optimism for many Americans. Most remember the era as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, a term that calls up images of listening to jazz in Harlem Nightclubs, happy people dancing the famous Charleston, or people piling into inexpensive Model T Fords for joy rides around the city. People enjoyed the rapid advances in medicine, a thriving economy, and many technological conveniences in their lives. However, despite all of the bright spots during the 1920s there were several dark spotsRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Violence1249 Words   |  5 Pages The Organized Crime Convention provides states a certain plan to battle organized crime. Crime has marked our history, and unfortunately, it will continue in the future. The criminal justice system is society’s response towards any violation of cultural norms. Advanced forensic procedures, together with the amount of news given by the public allows an offender to be tracked down. New and improved forensic technology aids scientists and investigators to conclude their ongoing criminal investigationRead MoreProgressive Era Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesProgressive Era and the New Deal. Rapid changes after the Civil War brought on a need for economic, social and political reforms. Before the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government took a very hands-off approach and had little involvement in, and little care for the welfare of the American people. With the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government became more involved and responsive to the public and implemented many revisions and reforms. The Progressive Era was a timeRead MoreThe Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20’s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American nation, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20’s era of growth and reform. As this time period brought profound changes, conflict, cultural excitement, and experimentationRead MoreAmerican Reformers, By Ronald G. Walters1087 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Reformers,1815-1860 Book Review American Reformers, 1815-1860 goes into the social and political issues surrounding the Jackson Presidency. Ronald G. Walters effectively chronicalizes the reformation and radicalization of the main issues prevalent in early 19th century. These issues included slavery, alcoholism, women’s rights, religion and science. He explains how these issues led to the transformation of our country into what it is today and explains the reformers responsible for suchRead MoreProgressivism : A Wide And Varied Movement Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesleaders. For the resolution of diversified problems existing at the local and state levels, progressivism focused on promoting idea of public ownership of government run by professional city bosses. Leaders of the movement strived to resolve the issues created by the wave of industrialization. At the time of movement the main problems confronted by the American society was the gigantic growth of cities and industries. Hundreds of thousands of African Americans started migrating to the northern citiesRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s The Argument Against The War1182 Words   |  5 PagesIndians such as Comanche, Wacos, Tonkawas and how they demanded attacks to stop their incursions. It also highlights the cross cultural relations between the two groups. After several clashes between alliances, the US-Mexico war was fought and Texas became independent in 1812. 1) Under the Spanish and Mexico regimes, Native Americans enjoyed access to the socio-economic-cultural system, with considerable autonomy and were integrated into the broader sphere of policies and economics. However the Northern

Independence of Student in University Life Free Essays

Independence of Student in University Life â€Å"Away from home†, a rather simple and common phrase that is no stranger to most of the university students whom are studying overseas. Since young, as a child, we were living under the shades of our parents, handled with care in their hands. For them, we are as precious as diamonds, being protected under their wings and not knowing how the world look like because everything had been done for us by the love of our parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Independence of Student in University Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even when problem strikes, parents will definitely be the first to stand up for us and solve these difficulties without having us as children worry about it. Most of us are growing up in this protected environment; we are almost immune from the threats of the world. Bad news is, one day, you will have to leave that comfort zone and explore what the world has for you. That day will come when students are at the age of extending their studies in the overseas. No matter which university they are going, they would not be able to bring their parents along. They will have to learn to be independent and know how to take care of themselves. It is a journey of life which most of us have to go through. Some may say that university life is a sign of torture because you are leaving your love ones behind, but mostly it is a process of life that helps gain our confidence towards society and letting us be independent and responsible. Many find it hard to achieve independence because most are raised in a perfect environment, which our parents have kindly built for us. Being independent is where you must have self-confident and such belief in yourself that you can achieve anything you have intent to get. Some people are emotionally dependent to their parents. Well, it is not a fault to depend on your parents because they will never steer you wrong and they love you very much. However, sooner or later, you will realize that they will not be there forever whenever you need them because â€Å"flower withers and human perishes†, one must not become overly attached or dependent on their parents but instead exercise self-contained and self-sufficient. Being independent does not mean that you have to abandon your friends and family and draw a line in between. You will still need someone to talk to during tough times and solve issues that you could not settle on your own. Parents and friends are the pillars that support you, even if they could not help you, they will certainly lend you listening ears, to hear you out whenever you need someone. This is normal as we are only human. As students walk into the world, they will face new things that they had never exposed to. Since they are the â€Å"newbies† of the world, it will be difficult for them to differentiate what is right and what is wrong, they will tend to try anything that seems new to them out of curiosity. Therefore, these overseas students must be strong in their stands and not easily swayed by negative activities such as smoking, drugs, vandalism and so on. The activities that they are participating now will definitely be an influence to their future. A wrong step might lead to a narrow or dim future. At this point, it will be the time to reap what our parents have sown into us – to see how much we have absorbed from their teaching and hopefully the roots of it grows deep in us to avoid temptations of life. In order to allow readers to visualize the big picture more clearly, I had personally interviewed 2 students whom are around school leaving age. A hospitality student, Clement Chai, whom is currently 19 years old stated that, â€Å"Well, before coming over to Singapore, my parents already taught me day by day on how to be independent. Basically living with them is already preparing me to live independently†. Another student that I had interviewed was a Korean student, Yee Won Chan. The 18-year-old enthusiastically mentioned that, â€Å"In such a modern country like Korea, I helped myself to be very independent by learning and memorizing directions. This has helped me a lot whenever I went overseas. I would never miss my school bus as I would always use the right road to get to the bus station and memorizing would always get me back home before the last train. I wouldn’t stress myself too much as I know it would only trouble me and so I took things simple and have a simple life at home†. Based on the above interviews, we can determine that learning to be independent is where the parents must learn to let go of their children and letting them make their own decisions as how Clement Chai has stated previously. This in a way will show the kids that different decisions will lead to different consequences and they will have to learn from it. This is all part of the learning process of being independent. A child has to learn that mum and dad are not going to be always there for you. Hence, at one point, they will have to rely on their own abilities to achieve their own goals and for that to happen, parents need to allow kids to experience the real world that they aren’t always there to fix the problem. Nevertheless, some people might still live with their parents after finishing university, but university is a step forward which will allow them to learn how to be â€Å"on their own† so to say. For example, managing finances, taking care of the car, making sure to have sufficient food and so on. In a nutshell, university is indeed a platform and also a battleground to train students to become more independent. There may be tough times where these students might not be able to have things done on their own. A true testimony will be from me personally, I lived in Kota Kinabalu but for a better study environment, I have to come to Kuala Lumpur. What strikes me the most is the fear of leaving home. My parents used to do everything for me and I did not know how it is like to be out there in the world. But now when I face problem, there is nobody there anymore to help me out. In this situation, I have learned to be independent, doing my own chores, solving problems, save money, and also cook my own meal. It is not easy doing all these but one thing for sure, this has turn me into a strong girl who is able to face the society with strength and confident. 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Hunger game free essay sample

In the novel the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character is Katniss Everdeen a female that represent district 12. Throughout her journey she has to fight against eleven other district and twenty-three other tributes in order to be the last tribute to survive. Although Katniss know that the Hunger Games is not an easy task to complete winning or staying alive is the only option, she still gain the power and confidences to compete. Throughout the Hunger Games all the power was given to the totalitarian government of the capitol. The government was able to control the people and the districts of Panem, because they hold most of the country of Panem wealth. In theHunger Games the citizens of Panem were consider to be servants in a brutal game of life and death. The games keep the people of the districts divided and fighting among themselves. â€Å"Taking the kids from our districts, forcing them to kill on another while we watch† (1. For example, in our second paper, which require us to choose specific person who is an outlier in your view. After all the factors Caldwell wrote in his book Outlier, I thought my purpose in this paper to convince people that the person I choose is an outlier.What need is to find information that makes my choice satisfied the characteristics of an outlier. After knowing my purpose, started to work on my thesis statement. My thesis statement in this paper is : in my paper am going to argue that his(Steve Jobs) family, the environment he grew up as well as his friends are also the factors that promote the progress of success(Al 1). In the book A Writers Reference, it suggests us: An effective thesis statement is a central idea that requires supporting evidence: its scope is appropriate for the required length of the essay: and it is sharply soused(Hacker 16). Hint my thesis statement is clear. I have my side that Steve Jobs is an outlier and indicate the reasons why he is so. It also gives me an idea that what need to do in my body paragraph is to search information based on Steve Jobs family, childhood and his friends. The second characteristics of good, effective writing is that the organization of the paper should be logical, which means that the ideas are logically flow. A well organized paper uses techniques to build cohesion and coherence between and within paragraphs to orient and guide the reader through the paper, neglecting ideas, building details, and strengthening the Mason).Each paragraph should focus on a main point in a topic sentence and each paragraph is connected. Each paragraph should have a one-sentence summary that tells readers what to expect as they read on and it usually comes first in the paragraph. After the topic sentence, then you can provide detailed definition and examples to develop the mail idea. In my third paper the most violent heroism, my purpose is to prove that the heroism in Americas film and novels actually make people desensitizing to violence and remotes the violence in America.So in my first body paragraph, I need to talk about the heroism in Americas history. I started my paragraph by a topic sentence stated: Among these America films, there are expectations that the hero in the film will save all the people from repression and disasters(Lie 2). Then I give general rule about how the heroism formed in these films and also some examples of a particularly film to develop my idea even further. But in order to make connection between the violence in America, still need to show how the audiences reaction about this killing.So my last sentence stated that people actually love to see this killing by the hero and more violence involved, they love it better. Right after this, started my second paragraph by: this kind of belief and faith will definitely contribute to the v iolence in the real 2). I think this makes my paper flow logically and the connection between each paragraph is clear too. I noticed that in my first draft of essay three, I did not do a good job at the organization. Although each of my paragraph stick to the mail point of the paragraph, but there isnt such connection between each one.They are separate ideas and have ineffective connection. So in my final draft, tried to first get the main purpose, then develop the thesis into different part and find the connection of each, then start to write. The third characteristics of good, effective writing is that it should have enough effective and interesting academic sources to supporter idea. In our second paper, the teacher specifically mentioned the importance of academic research. The sources from academic are more reliable and effective. It can first support our point and be more convincing.Secondly, it actually makes our paper more interesting to read. Like I provided some statistic about the crime rate in America. It is from academic sources and very effectively proved my point that the crime rate is America is high. Also, in my second paper, I wrote a lot of personal stories about Steve Jobs from the book Steve Jobs, which I think makes my paper more interesting. The fourth characteristics of good, effective writing is that the words are appropriate, and the sentences are concise, emphatic, and correct, ND also the grammar. Good writing uses just the right words to say just the right things and fluent sentences are easy to understand and fun to read with expression. Conventions are the ways we all agree to use punctuation, spelling, grammar, and other things that make writing consistent and easy to read. I think I did not do a good job at this part. Firstly, I am an international student. So my vocabulary is not as much as the native student. Sometimes am not able to use the right word to express myself. It may be confusing for the reader. The sentences in my paper are not fluent enough. Put common in the wrong place or wrote confusing sentence. Emily also indicated that it may be harder for people to read. The grammar is another problem have. But now have a habit that after I finish my paper. I will go to the writing center to ask for help. They will correct my mistake and hope can get better at grammar. When this semester is finished, I went back and looked my paper again. I think my strengths are can a clear view about the purpose of my paper and I can write a clear thesis statement.

Music role in the lives of people free essay sample

It takes me back to a time when my parents and all of my siblings were alive and we would ether around and sing fun songs such as Row, Row, Row Your Boat (Alphabet roam late 2012). I enjoy teaching my grandchildren the same great songs that I learned and taught my children as well. 2. What music do you associate with adolescence? Was this music a way to fit in or rebel? As an adolescent was drawn to the sounds of Rock music. I enjoyed music from such artists as 38 Special, Kiss, Poison, and White Snake to name a few. Im not sure listened to this music for either purpose of fitting in or rebelling.I remember listening to the melodies and rhythms and just feeling the music. It was easy to get caught up in the moment and lose yourself in the fantasies and ease of passion and flow of the words and sounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Music role in the lives of people or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of my favorite songs was Talk Dirty to Me (asss rock: Poison 2013). The title alone gives away the feel for the type of music that the boasts the ass. This kind of music enabled adolescents to feel, express and share their emotions regardless of happy, sad, or angry. 3. What music do you associate with comfort? How do these songs help you deal with disappointment or stress?The type of music associate with comfort is Christian music. If I am sad, down or overly stressed listen to this type of music. One of my favorite artists is Chris Tomlinson. Some of his music that I enjoy listening to and that I find comfort in are How Great is Our God and Indescribable. I get lost in the glory of God and all his powerful abilities including the way he speaks through the music of others. Comfort music is another type of music that provides comfort mostly when times are difficult and I feel like can no longer cope with a stressful situation.This type of music is helpful during death, unmanageable change, emotional sisters, restlessness, agitation, and breakups among other difficult times. This type of music can provide support to both behavioral and psychological issues. 4. What music do you associate with happiness? Why? Pop songs are the songs associated with happiness. This type of music just gets me in a happy and energetic mood. I love to sing along and dance to Pop music when the timing is right. Music such as Diamonds by Iranian just get me going and make me feel happy. They also help reduce tension and get me in a cleaning mood.

The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

The Story of an Hour by Kate ChopinOne of the best essays in the college reading list is the essay that shows how the student's story has been written out in an essay. The type of person a person is and how that person expresses their story is what will be told in the essay.Just as English writing requires context to be set up with words, the essay needs to be interpreted in the context of a person. Without having this context, the reader will not get the sense of who that person is or what they are really trying to say. Essays need to be able to address what the individual is trying to convey and in order to do this they need to have the essay built around the person.Students often choose to write their essay on a single topic in English composition, and that is not necessarily a bad thing. It is important however, to understand that no matter which topic is chosen, that it is still a piece of writing that is to be interpreted. An essay is made up of the statement of ideas that you want to express, the form of your writing and the manner in which you are addressing the reader. An essay that is not constructed correctly will not stand out.You can determine what your character or story is trying to convey in an essay by knowing your reader. This is the person you are trying to reach with the essay. If you are trying to make a point to the point that your are getting across then it is important to determine what they are looking for and where they are coming from. Once you know what your reader is looking for you can take steps to be sure that they are getting the message you are trying to get across.If you want to build up to something big in the piece you are going to need to show that you understand the point you are trying to make in the piece, or you will be making the reader come to you instead of you coming to them. There are two ways you can do this. The first is to spend some time letting your reader know who they are and why they are reading, so that yo u can see where you need to go with the piece.The second is to pull them into different settings with the essay. This means showing them how the people of different cultures interact in different places. By doing this you can make the reader feel like they are moving through a world they do not actually inhabit.Essays can vary in length but are usually short, five to seven hundred words. Essays can also vary in length, depending on whether or not they are to be a case study or they are more comprehensive accounts of what the writer has done. The size of the essay can help to create the image of the writer. An essay is a representation of a person and you can make your piece stand out by giving it a look that will help to create a compelling piece.

Research proposal on open innovation or discontinuous innovation

Background Innovations have sometimes been considered as routine parts of organisational operations. In this regard, new product developments or shifts in company functions are often done systematically and will result in better performance of what the company has been doing before.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research proposal on open innovation or discontinuous innovation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, once in a while, a company may make a revolutionary discovery that could dramatically alter the core function of the firm or even create a new industry in its place. These kinds of innovations are known as discontinuous innovations. The major challenge with discontinuous innovations is that their benefits cannot be easily detected. In fact, most organisations that have commissioned market researchers and consultants to investigate the degree of acceptance of their product have often found that those radical innovations posses very little public support (Christensen, 1997). A case in point was the fax machine invented by Xerox. When this firm commissioned market research on acceptability of their new product, they actually got negative ratings for it. If the administrators of this firm solely relied on the market sentiments at that time, then they would not have revolutionised the document imaging industry as we know it today. Not only do discontinuous innovations pose the latter challenge, it is likely that they may result in radical cannibalism. This term refers to the eventual elimination of old product and service offerings following the invention of a new form of technology. One such example is the discovery and growth of digital photography thus leading to the decline of chemical photography. Kodak Company has had to embrace digital photography which competed with its older product category i.e. chemical photography. It was a risk that had to be taken and eventu ally shrunk the market size of its former products. Furthermore, a discontinuous innovation may fulfil most of the functions that the previous technology could but may not always have the qualities that the previous invention had (Anthony, et. al., 2008). Given all these challenges, it is difficult to ascertain whether discontinuous innovations can translate into long term income growth.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research questions An analysis of a discontinuous innovation’s perceptions by the public is essential in assessing its financial impact. How do firms deal with market research in order to understand consumer needs with regard to their new innovation? Waiting for discontinuous innovation to occur may minimise their likelihood of its occurrence hence its ability to generate revenue (Brentani, 2000). In what ways do managers make deliberate effor ts to inculcate a culture of discontinuous innovation that would cause new revenue streams. Organisational stakeholders are almost always likely to resist development of a disruptive technology. Which kinds of strategies can be utilised in minimising or avoiding resistance to these innovations so as to foster long term changes? Methodology In response to research question one, a case study analysis of previous discontinuous inventers will be done. Inventions such as Hewlett Placard’s inkjet printer, Xerox’s fax machine and Chrysler’s minivan will be analysed and each firm’s approach and dealings with market research will be done. Question number two will require an analysis of literature on change culture so as to curve out a pattern of discontinuous change innovation. Consequently, common approaches will be identified and expounded. For question number three interviews of managers from these three firms during the time of the innovations will be done so as to identity the various methods that individuals from these organisations used in order to foster disruptive change. References Christensen, C. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma: when disruptive technologies cause great firms to fail. Boston: Harvard business school press Brentani, U. (2000). Innovative versus incremental new business services: different keys for achieving success. Production innovation management, 3(18), 169-187 Anthony, S.. Sinfield, J., Johnson, M. Altman, E. (2008). Innovator’s guide to growth-putting disruptive innovation to work. Boston: Harvard business school press This research paper on Research proposal on open innovation or discontinuous innovation was written and submitted by user L1l1ana to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Inventors or Muckers Who Worked for Thomas Edison

The Inventors or Muckers Who Worked for Thomas Edison Already by the time he moved to Menlo Park in 1876, Thomas Edison had gathered many of the men who would work with him for the rest of their lives. By the time Edison built his West Orange lab complex, men came from all over the United States and Europe to work with the famous inventor. Often these young muckers, as Edison called them, were fresh out of college or technical training. Unlike most inventors, Edison depended upon dozens of muckers to build and test his ideas. In return, they received only workmens wages. However, the inventor said, it was not the money they want, but the chance for their ambition to work. The average work week was six days for a total of 55 hours. Nevertheless, if Edison had a bright idea, days at work would extend far into the night. By having several teams going at once, Edison could invent several products at the same time. Still, each project took hundreds of hours of hard work. Inventions could always be improved, so several projects took years of effort. The alkaline storage battery, for example, kept muckers busy for almost a decade. As Edison himself said, Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.   What was it like to work for Edison? One mucker said that he could wither one with his biting sarcasm or ridicule one into extinction. On the other hand, as electrician, Arthur Kennelly stated, The privilege which I had being with this great man for six years was the greatest inspiration of my life. Historians have called the research and development laboratory Edisons greatest invention. In time, other companies such as General Electric built their own laboratories inspired by the West Orange lab. Mucker and Famous Inventor Lewis Howard Latimer  (1848-1928) Although Latimer never worked directly for Edison at any of his laboratories, his many talents deserve special mention. The son of an escaped slave, Latimer overcame poverty and racism in his scientific career. While working for Hiram S. Maxim, a competitor with Edison, Latimer patented his own improved method to make carbon filaments. From 1884 to 1896, he worked in New York City for the Edison Electric Light Company as an engineer, draftsman, and legal expert. Latimer later joined the Edison Pioneers, a group of old Edison employees - its only African American member. Since he never worked with Edison at the Menlo Park or West Orange laboratories, however, he is not technically a mucker. As far as we know, there were no African American muckers.   Mucker and Plastics Pioneer: Jonas Aylsworth (18-1916) A gifted chemist, Aylsworth began working at the West Orange labs when they opened in 1887. Much of his work involved testing materials for phonograph recordings. He left around 1891 only to return ten years later, working both for Edison and in his own laboratory. He patented condensite, a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde, for use in Edison Diamond Disc records. His work with interpenetrating polymers came decades before other scientists made similar discoveries with plastics.   Mucker and Friend until the End: John Ott (1850-1931) Like his younger brother Fred, Ott worked with Edison in Newark as a machinist in the 1870s. Both brothers followed Edison to Menlo Park in 1876, where John was Edisons principal model and instrument maker. After the move to West Orange in 1887, he served as superintendent of the machine shop until a terrible fall in 1895 left him severely injured. Ott held 22 patents, some with Edison. He died only one day after the inventor; his crutches and wheelchair were placed by Edisons casket at Mrs. Edisons request.   Mucker  Reginald Fessenden  (1866-1931) Canadian-born Fessenden had been trained as an electrician. So when Edison wanted to make him a chemist, he protested. Edison replied, I have had a lot of chemists... but none of them can get results. Fessenden turned out to be an excellent chemist, working with insulation for electrical wires. He left the West Orange lab around 1889 and patented several inventions of his own, including patents for telephony and telegraphy. In 1906, he became the first person to broadcast words and music over radio waves.   Mucker and Film Pioneer: William Kennedy Laurie Dickson (1860-1935) Along with most of the West Orange crew in the 1890s, Dickson worked mainly on Edisons failed iron ore mine in western New Jersey. However, his skill as staff photographer led him to assist Edison in his work with motion pictures. Historians still argue over who was more important to the development of films, Dickson or Edison. Together, though, they accomplished more than they did on their own later. The fast pace of work at the lab left Dickson much afflicted by brain exhaustion. In 1893, he suffered a nervous breakdown. By the next year, he was already working for a competing company while still on Edisons payroll. The two parted bitterly the next year and Dickson returned to his native Britain to work for the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.   Mucker and Sound Recording Expert: Walter Miller (1870-1941) Born in nearby East Orange, Miller started working as a 17-year-old apprentice boy at the West Orange lab soon after it opened in 1887. Many muckers worked here a few years and then moved on, but Miller stayed at West Orange his entire career. He proved himself in many different jobs. As manager of the Recording Department and Edisons primary recording expert, he ran the New York City studio where recordings were made. Meanwhile, he also carried on experimental recordings in West Orange. With Jonas Aylsworth (mentioned above), he earned several patents covering how to duplicate records. He retired from Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated in 1937.